Q120: Type Il error arises during statistical analysis when an investigator... - Techniques in Biochemistry - Microbiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 | Agrigyan

• Type I and Type II Errors in Statistical Hypothesis Testing:
• Null Hypothesis ($H_0$): The default assertion that there is no true difference or effect.
• Type I Error ($\alpha$): Rejecting the null hypothesis ($H_0$) when it is actually true (false positive).
• Type II Error ($\beta$): Failing to reject (accepting) the null hypothesis ($H_0$) when it is actually false (false negative).
• Decision Matrix:
• $H_0$ True & Accept $H_0$: Correct decision ($1 - \alpha$).
• $H_0$ True & Reject $H_0$: Type I Error ($\alpha$).
• $H_0$ False & Reject $H_0$: Correct decision / Power of test ($1 - \beta$).
• $H_0$ False & Accept $H_0$: Type II Error ($\beta$).
• Conclusion: Type II error arises when the investigator accepts the null hypothesis when it is false (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) Accept null hypothesis when itis false