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Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Genes such as those encoding rRNAs that have changed in sequence over time as species have diverged are
called orthologs.
Statement (II) : Organisms that share the same or very closely related orthologous genes are called a phylotype.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
EXPLANATION
Molecular Microbial Ecology
- Molecular Evolution Concepts in Microbial Ecology:
- Statement (I) is true: Orthologs are homologous genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene via speciation and typically retain the same physiological function. Highly conserved housekeeping genes such as the small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S/18S rRNA) genes have accumulated nucleotide substitutions gradually over evolutionary time and serve as standard chronometers.
- Statement (II) is true: In environmental microbiology and metagenomics, organisms that share identical or nearly identical orthologous marker gene sequences (e.g., $\ge 97\%$ or $99\%$ 16S rRNA identity) are grouped into an operational taxonomic unit termed a phylotype.
- Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true (Option 1).
Correct option: (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.
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