Adulteration Detection in Saffron (Crocus sativus):
Saffron is the world's most costly spice, subject to adulteration with dyed safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), marigold petals, shredded wood fibers, or synthetic dyes.
$\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$-Diphenylamine Test:
When genuine saffron stigmas are treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, the crocetin/crocin carotenoid pigments immediately turn an intense indigo-blue color, which rapidly turns reddish-brown.
The addition of diphenylamine in concentrated $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ specifically tests for synthetic nitrogenous/nitrate coal-tar dyes and adulterant vegetable fibers.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Saffron).
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