• Loose Housing Layout Standards (BIS Standards):
• In a standard open-lot loose housing barn for dairy cattle:
• Each adult cow is provided with a covered resting shed and an attached open paddock (loafing area).
• The open paddock area is designed to be approximately double the covered area:

(e.g., adult cow: $3.5\text{ m}^2$ covered area and $7.0\text{ m}^2$ open paddock area).

• nalysis:
• (1:2): Correct ratio of covered to open space.

Correct option: (2) 12