• Crop Water vs. Field Irrigation Requirements:
• Statement (I): Water requirement of the crops is lesser than the field irrigation requirement. $\implies$ Correct.
• Water Requirement ($WR$) represents the total consumptive use plus leaching/nursery needs. Field Irrigation Requirement ($FIR = WR - ER - S$) accounts for field application losses (conveyance, deep percolation, runoff);
• Because of application efficiency $\eta_a \lt 100\%$, $FIR = \frac{NIR}{\eta_a}$, meaning field irrigation requirement is larger than net crop requirement.
• Statement (II): Field irrigation requirement does not include contribution from other sources except irrigation. $\implies$ Incorrect.
• Net irrigation requirement explicitly deducts contributions from effective rainfall ($P_e$) and groundwater contributions ($G_w$).
• Conclusion: Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect (Option 3).

• Crop Coefficient Approaches in Evapotranspiration (FAO-56):
• Statement (I): Single crop coefficient approach is used for surface irrigation methods. $\implies$ Correct.
• In surface (border, furrow, basin) irrigation where the entire soil surface is wetted periodically, crop transpiration and soil evaporation are combined into a single time-averaged crop coefficient ($K_c$), yielding $ET_c = K_c \cdot ET_0$.
• Statement (II): Dual crop coefficient approach is used for micro irrigation methods. $\implies$ Correct.
• In drip/micro irrigation where only a small fraction of the soil surface is wetted frequently, $K_c$ is partitioned into basal crop transpiration ($K_{cb}$) and soil surface evaporation ($K_e$), yielding $ET_c = (K_{cb} + K_e) ET_0$.
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (I) are correct

• Keller and Karmeli Drip Emission Uniformity Formula:
• The field emission uniformity ($EU$) of a drip/trickle irrigation subunit is given by:

where:

• $C_v$ is the manufacturer's coefficient of emitter variation
• $n$ is the number of emitters per plant/emission point
• $q_n$ is the average of the lowest quarter (25%) of emitter flow rates
• $\bar{q}$ is the average flow rate of all sampled emitters
• Conclusion: Matches Option 2.

Correct option: (2) 100(1.0 =) 127Cy, da

• Function of Inverters in Solar Photovoltaic Systems:
• Power Conditioning: Solar PV modules generate Direct Current (DC) electricity, and battery banks store charge as DC.
• Inversion: The primary function of a solar power inverter (pure sine wave inverter or grid-tied inverter) is to convert low- or medium-voltage Direct Current (DC) into regulated, utility-standard Alternating Current (AC) (typically 230 V single-phase or 415 V three-phase at 50 Hz in India) required to power household appliances or synchronize with the utility grid.
• Conclusion: To convert DC to AC (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) To convert DC to AC