Externally Seed-Borne: Covered smut of barley (Ustilago hordei), where teliospores contaminate the exterior seed coat during threshing and infect emerging seedlings.
Internally Seed-Borne: Loose smut of wheat and barley (Ustilago nuda / Ustilago tritici), where dormant fungal mycelium resides internally within the embryo of the seed. (Correct answer: Option 2)
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2
ICAR JRF Seed Science And Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Turkey °X’ is a disorder attributed to seed contamination by
Alternaria porri: The causal fungal agent of purple blotch disease of onion and garlic.
Primary Inoculum & Habitat: Carried primarily as viable seed-borne mycelium and conidia on onion seeds, as well as surviving on infected allium crop residues. (Correct answer: Option 4)
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4
ICAR JRF Seed Science And Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
The disease of wheat in which grains are partially or completely replaced by blackish cockles is caused by
Second-stage juveniles ($J_2$) penetrate floral primordia and transform developing wheat ovaries into dark brown to blackish galls (cockles) packed with thousands of dormant nematode larvae.
Often occurs in a synergistic disease complex with the bacterium Rathayibacter tritici (Clavibacter tritici), causing yellow ear rot (Tundu disease). (Correct answer: Option 1)
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5
ICAR JRF Seed Science And Technology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
Fusarin C and moniliformin are toxic secondary metabolites biosynthesized by various Fusarium species (such as Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans) contaminating cereal grains.
Classified toxicologically as Mycotoxins. (Correct answer: Option 4)
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