Pedology

• Formula: Weed Control Efficiency (WCE) evaluates the effectiveness of weed management treatments relative to an untreated weedy check:

$$\text{WCE} (\%) = \frac{W_c - W_t}{W_c} \times 100$$

where $W_c$ is the weed count/density in the control plot, and $W_t$ is the weed count/density in the treated plot.

• Given Values: Control plot weed density ($W_c$) = $50\text{ weeds/m}^2$; Herbicide treated plot weed density ($W_t$) = $35\text{ weeds/m}^2$.
• Calculation:

$$\text{WCE} = \frac{50 - 35}{50} \times 100 = \frac{15}{50} \times 100 = 30.0\%$$

• Conclusion: Weed control efficiency is 30.0%. (Correct answer: Option 1)

• CIB&RC (Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee): The statutory apex regulatory authority under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, constituted under the Insecticides Act, 1968.
• Location: Headquartered at the Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage (DPPQS), NH-IV, Faridabad, Haryana. (Correct answer: Option 2)

• Surangam Technology: A traditional indigenous water harvesting and management system consisting of horizontal caves or tunnel wells excavated into porous laterite hill slopes to tap subterranean water tables by gravity.
• Geographical Distribution: Characteristically practiced in the Kasaragod district of North Kerala and the adjacent Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, where farmers utilize natural gravity flow without requiring pumping energy. (Correct answer: Option 3)