Histological & Histochemical Techniques

• Osteological Feature of the Equine Pelvis: The Inferior ischiatic spine (spina ischiadica ventralis) is a unique, prominent ventral muscular crest on the ischium characteristic of Equines (horse).
• Anatomical Role: Located on the ventral aspect of the body of the ischium, it provides a robust site of origin for the deep internal obturator and adductor musculature.

Correct option: (1) Equines

• Ligamentous Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint: The equine and bovine scapulohumeral (shoulder) joint is an enarthrodial ball-and-socket articulation lacking true collateral ligaments.
• Sole Ligament: The Capsular ligament is the only true anatomical ligament present, reinforced externally by the contractile tendons of the subscapularis, infraspinatus, and supraspinatus muscles.

Correct option: (2) capsular ligament

• Anticlinal Vertebra in Cattle: In the ox (Bos taurus/indicus), the 13th thoracic vertebra ($T_{13}$) is the anticlinal vertebra.
• Orientation: Its dorsal spinous process is oriented strictly vertically ($90^\circ$), marking the transition where preceding thoracic spines slant caudally and succeeding lumbar spines slant cranially.

Correct option: (4) 13th thoracic vertebra