2
The malate-aspartate shuttle which transport NADH operates in the mitochondria of
(A) Liver
(B) .Heart
(C) .Brain
(D) Skeletal muscle
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
EXPLANATION
Fatty Acid Classification, Saturated vs Unsat
- Mitochondrial NADH Shuttles: The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to cytosolic NADH produced during glycolysis:
- Malate-Aspartate Shuttle: Operates predominantly in the liver, heart, and kidney. It transfers reducing equivalents to mitochondrial $\text{NAD}^+ \to \text{NADH}$, yielding $\approx 2.5\text{ ATP}$ per cytosolic NADH oxidized via Complex I of the electron transport chain.
- Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle: Operates predominantly in skeletal muscle and brain. It transfers reducing equivalents to mitochondrial $\text{FAD} \to \text{FADH}_2$, yielding only $\approx 1.5\text{ ATP}$ per cytosolic NADH.
- Conclusion: The malate-aspartate shuttle operates in (A) Liver and (B) Heart only.
Correct option: (1) (A), (6) only,
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