10
What forces stabilize biomolecules ?
(A) .Hydrogen bond
(B) .Electrostatic interactions
(C) .Hydrophobic interactions
(D) .Van der Waals forces
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
EXPLANATION
Peptide Bond Formation & Primary/Secondary/Te
- Non-Covalent Forces Stabilizing Biomolecules: The stable native conformations of proteins, nucleic acids, and biological membranes are maintained by a cooperation of multiple non-covalent interactions:
- Hydrogen Bonds: Stabilize secondary structures ($\alpha$-helices, $\beta$-sheets) and DNA double helix base pairing.
- Electrostatic Interactions (Salt Bridges): Formed between oppositely charged ionizable amino acid side chains (e.g., $\text{Lys}^+/\text{Arg}^+$ with $\text{Asp}^-/\text{Glu}^-$).
- Hydrophobic Interactions: The major driving thermodynamic force packing non-polar hydrophobic side chains into macromolecular interiors, maximizing water entropy.
- Van der Waals Forces: Weak transient dipole attractions between closely packed atoms in the hydrophobic core.
- Conclusion: All four forces (A), (B), (C), and (D) contribute to biomolecular stabilization.
Correct option: (3) (A), (B), (C) and (D).
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