Peroxisomes differ from mitochondria and chloroplasts. Which of... | Agrigyan

Q.1

ICAR JRF 2024Shift 1 MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

Peroxisomes differ from mitochondria and chloroplasts. Which of the statements about peroxisomes is true?

(A) . Surrounded by only a single membrane

(B) . Lack of DNA or ribosomes

(C) . Contains oxidative enzymes like catalase and urate oxidase

(D) . Involves in carbon utilization

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), and (B) only. (A), and (C) only. (A), (B), and (C) only. (B), (C) and (D) only.

Q.2

ICAR JRF 2024Shift 1 Assertion & Reason +4 −1

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Anaerobic bacteria derive their electron transport chain from alternative electron acceptors other than oxygen

Reason (R) : Anaerobic bacteria lack oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor in their electron transport chain, thus they utilize alternative molecules such as nitrate, sulfate, or carbon dioxide

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.

General Agriculture

6 Topics

Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Biomolecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

4 Topics

Biophysical Principles of Biomolecular Conformation: Ramachandran Plot & Thermodynamic Stability Nucleic Acid Structures (A/B/Z-DNA, Quadruplexes) & Sequence-Specific Protein-DNA Interactions Protein Folding Dynamics, Chaperones, Allosteric Transitions & Ligand-Binding Kinetics Biophysical Analysis of Biomolecules: Circular Dichroism, X-Ray Crystallography & NMR

Cellular Basis of Animal Physiology

2 Topics

Cellular Ultrastructure, Nucleolus, Membrane Transport & Glycocalyx Body Fluid Compartments (ICF vs ECF), Osmolality & Starling Forces

Blood and Circulation

1 Topic

Hematopoiesis, Erythropoiesis (Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow) & Blood Indices

Cell Biology

4 Topics

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Regulation: Cyclins, CDKs, Checkpoints (G1/S, G2/M) & Senescence Structural & Functional Organization of Intracellular Organelles (Peroxisomes, Mitochondria, Golgi) Active Cytoskeletal Dynamics: Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments & Motor Proteins Membrane Ultrastructure, Lipid Rafts & Macromolecular Translocation across Membranes

Chemistry of Carbohydrates and Lipids

2 Topics

Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Stereochemistry & Reducing Sugar Dynamics Fatty Acid Classification, Saturated vs Unsaturated & Trans-Fatty Acids

Chemistry of Amino Acids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids

1 Topic

Amino Acid Classification, Physicochemical Properties, Zwitterions & Isoelectric Point

Fundamental Cellular Processes

6 Topics

Eukaryotic Transcription Factors, Enhancers, Riboswitches & RNA Polymerase I/II/III Machinery DNA Replication Fidelity, Fork Dynamics, Telomerases & Cre-Lox / Site-Specific Recombination DNA Repair Pathways: Base/Nucleotide Excision, Non-Homologous End Joining & Homologous Recombination Translation Mechanisms, Ribosome Subunits, Polysome Profiling & Translational Ribosomal Stalling Post-Transcriptional Processing: Splicing, Alternative Splicing, Capping, Polyadenylation & RNA Editing Epigenetic Gene Regulation: DNA Methylation, Histone Code & Non-Coding RNAs (miRNA, siRNA, lncRNA)

Respiration

1 Topic

Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Partial Pressures (Venous pO2 40 mmHg) & V/Q Matching

Cell Communication and Cell Signalling

4 Topics

Nitric Oxide (NO) - Guanylyl Cyclase (sGC) - cGMP Signalling Axis & Vascular Regulation G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), Adenylyl Cyclase, cAMP, PKA & Phospholipase C Cascades Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK), MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt Pathways & Growth Factor Signalling Cancer Biology: Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors (p53, Rb), Angiogenesis & Metastatic Cascade

Enzymology

4 Topics

Allosteric Regulation, Covalent Modification, Proenzymes (Zymogens) & Isoenzymes Enzyme Classification (EC System 1-7), Nomenclature & Coenzymes/Cofactors Enzyme Inhibition: Competitive, Non-Competitive, Uncompetitive & Irreversible Enzyme Kinetics: Michaelis-Menten Model, Lineweaver-Burk Plot, Km & Vmax

Excretion

2 Topics

Renal Functional Anatomy, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) & Renal Clearance Endocrine Regulation of Renal Function: Aldosterone (Distal Tubule), ADH & ANP

Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism

1 Topic

Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA/Krebs) Cycle, Amphibolic Nature & Anaplerosis

Digestion

2 Topics

Ruminant Pre-Gastric Fermentative Digestion: Rumen Ecology, Holotrichs & VFAs Nutrient Absorption Mechanisms across Rumen, Small Intestine & Large Intestine

Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Methods

5 Topics

Molecular Cloning Strategies: Restriction-Modification, Linkers/Adaptors & Directional Ligation Genomic & cDNA Library Construction, Screening & Ribosome-Bound Transcriptome Probing Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): Illumina Sequencing-by-Synthesis, PacBio & Oxford Nanopore Cloning & Expression Vectors: Plasmids, Bacteriophages, Cosmids, BACs, YACs & Expression Hosts Nucleic Acid Blotting (Southern, Northern), EMSA, DNA Footprinting & Microarrays

Animal Tissue Culture and Hybridoma Technology

6 Topics

Hybridoma Technology & Monoclonal Antibodies: PEG Cell Fusion & HAT Selection Mechanics (HGPRT/TK) Cellular Immunotherapies: CAR-T Cell Engineering & Therapeutic Antibody Production Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) & Cell Cycle DNA Analysis Primary Cell Culture vs Established Cell Lines: Media Formulation, Sera & Subculturing Protocols Bioreactors, Microcarriers, Scale-Up & Suspension Cloning for Selective Tumor Cell Culture Cryopreservation of Cells: Cryoprotectants (DMSO, Glycerol), Controlled Freezing & Thawing Kinetics

Muscle Physiology

1 Topic

Muscle Energetics, Fiber Types (Red vs White), Rigor Mortis & Muscle Fatigue

Embryo Transfer and Related Techniques

5 Topics

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), Microinjection & Animal Cloning Milestones Superovulation Hormonal Regimes in Bovine & Rodents (PMSG, FSH, LH, hCG) In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Oocyte Maturation & Evidence of Fertilization in Stained Ova Embryo Sexing Technologies: PCR Amplification of Y-Specific Repeats & LAMP Assays Transgenic Animal Production: Microinjection, Retro-viral Vectors, Stem Cells & Gene Farming

Nervous System

1 Topic

Motor Control & Cerebellar Coordination: Cerebellum as Error-Correcting Device

Reproduction and Lactation

2 Topics

Male Reproductive Physiology: Spermatogenesis, Sertoli Cells & Pheromones Female Reproductive Cyclicity: Two vs Three Wave Estrous Cycles & Ovulation

Climate Physiology

1 Topic

Climatic Heat Stress in Domestic Livestock: Heat Tolerance Indices at 65% RH

Veterinary Biotechnology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

120 Questions Bilingual

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