The standard protocol for cryopreserving cells comprises:
Cell counting and assessment of viability ($\gt 90\%$) before freezing.
Resuspension in cryopreservation medium containing a permeating cryoprotectant (e.g., $10\%$ DMSO) to prevent intracellular ice crystal formation.
Gradual controlled-rate cooling (approximately $-1^\circ\text{C/min}$) from freezing down to ultra-low temperatures ($-80^\circ\text{C}$) before storage in liquid nitrogen ($-196^\circ\text{C}$).
Rapid thawing at $37^\circ\text{C}$: A step performed during cell recovery/thawing from storage, not during the freezing/cryopreservation process itself.
Correct option: (3) Rapid thawing of cells at 37 °C
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