In molecular genetics, an Open Reading Frame (ORF) refers to a continuous stretch of DNA or RNA nucleotides that starts with an initiation codon (typically $5'\text{-AUG-}3'$), followed by a continuous series of nucleotide triplets (codons) that specify the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide, and terminates at a stop codon ($5'\text{-UAA/UAG/UGA-}3'$).
nalysis:
(The nucleotides of a gene that make up the codons specifying amino acids): Correct definition.
Correct option: (2) The nucleotides of a gene that make up the codons specifying amino acids.
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Wobble Hypothesis & Inosine: Inosine is a modified purine nucleoside containing the base hypoxanthine, formed by post-transcriptional deamination of adenine in tRNA anticodons.
Wobble Base Pairing: When present at the wobble position (the first base of the anticodon, $5'$ position), inosine can form stable, non-Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds with three different bases in mRNA codons:
Uracil (U) (2 hydrogen bonds)
Cytosine (C) (2 hydrogen bonds)
Adenine (A) (2 hydrogen bonds)
It does not pair with Guanine (G) due to severe steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion between purine ring substituents.
Correct option: (4) U, C, and A,
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