• Comparative Proteomics and Genome Architecture:
• Large-scale sequencing and domain architecture analyses (Pfam / SMART) across the Human Genome Project revealed:
• The human proteome is largely modular, built by shuffling ancient, highly conserved eukaryotic protein domains.
• Humans and vertebrates share virtually all of their basic protein domain repertoire with invertebrates; only a very small number ($\lt 7\%$) of protein domains are unique to vertebrates, and virtually no domain is uniquely restricted to humans alone.
• nalysis:
• (human genome contains a small number of protein domains that are unique to vertebrates): Correct.

Correct option: (2) human genome contains a small number of protein domains that are unique to vertebrates

• Basic Structural Unit of Carbohydrates:
• Monosaccharides (simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose) are the fundamental monomeric units of carbohydrates with the empirical formula $(CH_2O)_n$.
• They cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrate molecules and serve as the building blocks for disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Correct option: (2) Monosaccharide