Mycotoxicoses: Aflatoxicosis, Ochratoxicosis, F-2 Toxin & Equine Leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) - Veterinary Medicine | Agrigyan

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Veterinary Medicine- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.84)
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
What is an early and consistent sign of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM)?

Veterinary Medicine Subjects

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General Agriculture

3 Topics
Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

General Medicine

4 Topics
General Systemic States: Pathogenesis of Septicemia, Toxemia, Bacteremia & Pyemia Pathophysiology & Management of Shock: Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Septic & Anaphylactic Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Imbalances: Dehydration, Acidosis & Alkalosis Peracute Systemic Syndromes & Sudden Death in Farm Animals

General Surgery

1 Topic
Surgical Suture Materials: Synthetic Absorbable vs Polyamide/Nylon & Needle Selection

Veterinary Gynaecology

3 Topics
Functional Anatomy & Histology of Female Genitalia: Ovaries, Oviducts (Peg Cells) & Cervix (Sialomucin) Pregnancy Diagnosis: Rectal Palpation, Membrane Slip, Placentomes & Biomarkers Congenital & Developmental Anomalies: White Heifer Disease, Freemartinism & Intersexuality

Anaesthesia

1 Topic
Anaesthetic Monitoring, Neonatal Hypothermia & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Comparative Splanchnology

1 Topic
Accessory Digestive Organs: Liver, Scythe-Shaped Spleen in Equines & Canine Pancreas

Diagnosis of Animal Diseases

3 Topics
Diagnostic Ultrasonography: Principles, Probes & Soft-Tissue Imaging in Farm Animals History Taking, Physical Restraint & General Clinical Examination Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics: Hematology, Urinalysis, Blood Biochemistry & Diagnostic Sequences

Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

1 Topic
Central Stimulants, Anticonvulsants & Euthanatizing Agents

Accidents during Gestation

2 Topics
Gestational Pathology: Hydrallantois (Bloated Bull Frog) vs Hydramnios (Bulldog Calf) Fetal Death: Maceration, Mummification (Trimester & Bone Resorption) & Embryonic Mortality

Drugs Acting on Humoral and Autonomic Nervous Systems

2 Topics
Cholinergic Transmission: Muscarinic & Nicotinic Agonists, Anticholinesterases & Antidotes Adrenergic Antagonists: Alpha-Blockers (Tolazoline, Prazosin) & Beta-Blockers

Gastroenterology

5 Topics
Ruminal Tympany (Bloat): Pathogenesis of Frothy vs Free-Gas Bloat, Trocarization & Emergency Rumenotomy Hepatic Diseases: Hepatocellular, Hemolytic & Obstructive Jaundice, Hepatitis & Hepatic Lipidosis Enteritis, Secretory vs Malabsorptive Diarrhea & Dysentery in Farm Animals Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis (TRP), Traumatic Pericarditis & Vagus Indigestion Equine Colic: Etiology, Spasmodic, Impaction, Tympanitic & Strangulating Obstructions

Myology, Angiology, Neurology and Aesthesiology of Ox

2 Topics
Myology of Head, Neck & Trunk: Digastricus (Two Bellies), Sublumbar & Prepubic Tendon Peripheral Neurology & Clinical Nerve Blocks: Mental, Mandibular & Sweeney (Suprascapular)

Diseases of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary System

3 Topics
Pulmonary Congestion, Edema, Epistaxis & Hemoptysis in Animals Pulmonary Emphysema, Atelectasis & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Pleuritis, Pleural Effusion & Thoracic Diagnostic Procedures

Orthopaedics and Lameness

2 Topics
Joint Affections: Coxo-Femoral Dislocation (Antero-Dorsal in Cattle) & Cranial Drawer Sign (CCL) Patellar Affections: Upward Fixation of Patella (Medial Patellar Desmotomy) & Canine Patellar Luxation

Andrology

3 Topics
Functional Anatomy & Histology of Male Genital Tract: Testes, Epididymis & Glands Spermatogenesis, Seminiferous Epithelial Cycle & Duration across Domestic Species Sperm Morphology & Viability: Primary vs Secondary Sperm Abnormalities & Staining

Diseases of Urinary, Nervous, Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems

5 Topics
Renal Pathology: Acute & Chronic Renal Failure, Nephrosis & Glomerulonephritis Lower Urinary Tract Disorders: Cystitis, Pyelonephritis & Urolithiasis Central Nervous System Diseases: Encephalitis, Meningitis, Brain Abscess & Listerial Neuropathy Functional & Paroxysmal Nervous Disorders: Epilepsy, Seizures & Tetanus Integumentary Disorders: Dermatitis, Impetigo, Alopecia, Parakeratosis & Hyperkeratosis

Drugs Acting on Digestive System

1 Topic
Gastric & Ruminal Pharmacology: Antacids, H2-Blockers, PPIs & Ruminal Buffers

General and Systemic Histology and Ultrastructure

3 Topics
Histology of Lymphoid Organs & Serosa: Peritoneal Mesothelium & Thymic Hassall's Corpuscles Muscle & Nervous Tissue Histology: Microglia (CNS Macrophages) & Auerbach's Plexus Histology of Digestive & Respiratory: Serous Demilunes, Brunner's Glands & Type II Pneumocytes

Surgery of Head and Neck Region

1 Topic
Laryngeal & Pharyngeal Surgery: Equine Laryngeal Hemiplegia (Roaring), Ventriculectomy & Tracheotomy

Developmental Anatomy

2 Topics
Fertilization, Cleavage Types (Meroblastic Discoidal in Birds) & Blastocyst Sequence Placentology & Fetal Remnants: Canine Zonary Endotheliochorial & Umbilical Vein Remnant

Production and Deficiency Diseases

2 Topics
Bovine Ketosis, Pregnancy Toxemia & Fatty Liver Syndrome (Hepatic Lipidosis) Trace Element Deficiencies & Toxicities: Copper, Cobalt, Selenium-Vitamin E & Zinc

Thoracic Surgery

1 Topic
Thoracic Anatomy (7 Sternal Vertebrae in Horse, Dorsal Longitudinal Ligament) & Approaches

Abdominal and Pelvic Surgery

3 Topics
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) in Dogs: Greater Curvature Necrosis & Gastropexy Urolithiasis & Urinary Surgery: Calculi at Goat Urethral Process, Tube Cystostomy & Urethrostomy Udder & Teat Surgery: Teat Lacerations, Teat Spider, Canal Obstruction & Mastectomy

Common Toxicities

2 Topics
Heavy Metal & Mineral Toxicities: Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, Copper & Fluorosis Mycotoxicoses: Aflatoxicosis, Ochratoxicosis, F-2 Toxin & Equine Leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) Active

Autacoids

1 Topic
Vasoactive Peptides & Mediators: Kinins, Serotonin, Nitric Oxide & Endothelin

Infectious Diseases (Bacterial and Mycoplasmal)

4 Topics
Bovine Brucellosis, Tuberculosis (TB) & Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) Leptospirosis, Actinomycosis, Actinobacillosis & Swine Erysipelas Bovine Mastitis: Etiology, Major Contagious vs Environmental Pathogens, Diagnosis & Control Pasteurellosis & Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) in Cattle and Buffaloes

Chemotherapy

1 Topic
Anthelmintics, Antiprotozoals & Anticoccidials: Benzimidazoles, Macrocyclic Lactones & Robenidine

Infectious Diseases (Viral, Chlamydial, Rickettsial and Fungal)

4 Topics
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD): Serotypes, Viremic Pathogenesis, Sequelae (Hairy Panter) & Control Viral Encephalitides: Rabies Virus Pathogenesis, Clinical Progression & Pseudorabies Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bluetongue & Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) Fungal Diseases: Dermatophytosis (Ringworm), Aspergillosis, Keratomycosis & Systemic Mycoses

Neuroanatomy

1 Topic
Gross Morphology of Brain: Cerebrum, Cerebellum (Peduncles, Trapezoid Body) & Brainstem

Parasitic Diseases

4 Topics
Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis: Haemonchosis, Ostertagiasis, Ascariasis (Ascaris suum, Parascaris equorum) & Anthelmintic Resistance Trematode & Cestode Infections: Fasciolosis (Fasciola hepatica/gigantica), Paramphistomosis & Anoplocephala perfoliata Hemoprotozoan Diseases: Bovine Theileriosis, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis & Trypanosomiasis (Surra) Ectoparasitic Infestations: Mange Acariasis (Sarcoptic, Psoroptic, Demodectic), Tick Vectors & Myiasis

Toxicology

2 Topics
General Principles of Toxicology: Toxicity Ratings, Toxicokinetics & Antidotal Therapeutics Phytotoxicoses & Plant Poisonings: Cyanide, Nitrates, Oxalates & Glucosides

Poultry Diseases

1 Topic
Avian Viral Respiratory & Systemic Diseases: Newcastle Disease (NDV), Avian Influenza & Infectious Bronchitis

Equine Reproduction

1 Topic
Stallion Reproduction: Andrology, Breeding Management, Copulation Duration & Semen AI

Veterinary Jurisprudence and Ethics

3 Topics
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act 1960, Slaughter House Rules & Animal Transport Rules Indian Veterinary Council (IVC) Act 1984, State Council Regulations & Professional Ethics Animal Disease Control Legislation: Glanders and Farcy Act 1899, Dourine Act & Livestock Importation Act

Canine and Feline Reproduction

1 Topic
Canine Estrous Cycle: Vaginal Cytology & Progesterone Ovulation Timing

Special Therapeutic Approaches

3 Topics
Transfusion Medicine: Whole Blood, Packed RBCs, Cross-Matching, Transfusion Reactions & Stroma-Free Hb Oxygen Therapy, Mechanical Ventilation & Emergency Resuscitation in Large Animals Antimicrobial Stewardship, Pharmacokinetics in Disease States & Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration

Prevention and Control of Diseases

1 Topic
Principles of Infectious Disease Control: Quarantine, Segregation, Cordon Sanitaire & Biosecurity
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