Q.1
Veterinary Microbiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 (Q.71)
MCQ (Single Correct)

Contributions of Louis Pasteur are

(A) . Vaccines against bacterial diseases like fowl cholera, anthrax and swine erysipelas
(B) . Vaccine and first treatment against rabies
(C) . Work on parasitic diseases "Pebrine" and "Flacherie”
(D) . Coined the term “fermentation”

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Veterinary Microbiology Subjects

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General Agriculture

5 Topics
Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection

General Bacteriology

4 Topics
Bacterial Virulence Mechanisms, Pathogenicity Islands, Bacterial Toxins (Anthrax Toxins, Enterotoxins) & LPS Mutants Bacterial Morphology, Ultrastructure, Cell Wall Chemistry & Special Staining Techniques (Gram, ZN, MZN, Dienes) Historical Milestones in Microbiology (Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Alexander Fleming & Pioneering Discoveries) Active Bacterial Physiology, Growth Kinetics, Nutrition (Phototrophs, Autotrophs) & Bacterial Genetics (Conjugation, Transduction)

Introduction, History and Etiology

1 Topic
Historical Milestones in Pathology (Morgagni Seats and Causes of Disease, Virchow, Metchnikoff) & General Etiology

Veterinary Helminthology

2 Topics
Trematode Morphology, Systematic Classification & Fluke Biology (Fasciola, Gigantocotyle, Gastrodiscus, Paramphistomum) Bursate Nematodes (Order Strongylida: Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Ancylostoma, Syngamus, Metastrongylus)

Veterinary Public Health

1 Topic
VPH Concepts, Historical Milestones, Intersectoral Collaboration & One Health Paradigm

Haemodynamic Derangements, Degeneration and Necrosis

3 Topics
Circulatory Disturbances: Hyperaemia, General Chronic Passive Congestion, Nutmeg Liver & Brown Induration of Lung Edema Pathophysiology, Starling Forces, Hydropericardium & Ascites Portal Hypertension Cell Death: Irreversible Hypoxic Injury, Apoptosis & Necrosis Types (Coagulative, Liquefactive, Caseous, Fibrinoid)

Milk Hygiene

2 Topics
Dairy Microbiology, Spoilage Microorganisms & Microbial Ecology of Raw Milk (Pseudomonas, Psychrotrophs, Alcaligenes) Milk Processing, HTST Pasteurization, UHT, In-Bottle Sterilization & Thermal Death Kinetics

Systematic Bacteriology

8 Topics
Endospore-Forming Bacilli & Clostridial Diseases (Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfringens, C. septicum, C. novyi) Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Attaching-Effacing E. coli, Salmonella Serotypes, Klebsiella, Enterobacter) Gram-Positive Pyogenic Cocci (Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius, S. hyicus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Edwards Medium) Rickettsiales & Anaplasmataceae (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. ewingii, Neorickettsia) Coryneform Bacteria, Listeria & Erysipelothrix (Listeria monocytogenes, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Rhodococcus equi) Pasteurellaceae & Avian Gram-Negative Bacteria (Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia, Riemerella anatipestifer New Duck Disease) Fastidious Gram-Negative Coccobacilli & Zoonotic Pathogens (Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, Campylobacter, Francisella) Mollicutes & Obligate Intracellular Bacteria (Mycoplasma mycoides, Chlamydia psittaci, Reticulate vs Elementary Bodies)

Veterinary Entomology

4 Topics
Diptera: Nematocera Vector Flies (Culicoides, Phlebotomus, Simulium, Mosquito Vectors & Transmission) Diptera: Brachycera & Cyclorrhapha (Tabanus, Chrysops, Stomoxys, Haematobia, Musca) Phthiraptera: Sucking & Chewing Lice Biology, Morphology & Host Specificity (Haematopinus, Linognathus, Bovicola, Menopon) Acarology: Mites, Mange & Scab Infestation (Sarcoptes, Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Demodex, Cheyletiella, Dermanyssus)

General Virology

5 Topics
Viral Pathogenesis, Cytopathic Effects (CPE), Cytoskeletal Actin Disruption & Intestinal Tropism (Crypt vs Villus) Viral Morphology, Architecture, Capsid Symmetries, Envelopes & Segmented/Non-Segmented Genomes Viral Replication Cycles, Cultivation, Plaque Assay, Reverse Transcription (Hepadnaviruses) & Trypsin Cleavage Historical Milestones in Virology (Landsteiner, Shope, d'Herelle, Enders, Andrewes & Laidlaw) Antiviral Chemotherapy, Prodrug Activation (Aciclovir Thymidine Kinase) & Antiviral Resistance Mechanisms

Meat Hygiene

1 Topic
Antemortem Inspection, Judgement Categories & Disease Diagnosis in Live Animals

Systematic Virology

5 Topics
Segmented RNA Viruses (Orthomyxoviridae Influenza, Reoviridae Rotavirus/Bluetongue, Birnaviridae IBDV, Bunyaviridae) DNA Viruses of Veterinary Importance (Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Asfarviridae African Swine Fever, Parvoviridae) Non-Segmented Negative-Sense RNA Viruses (Rhabdoviridae Rabies, Paramyxoviridae Newcastle/Rinderpest/Distemper) Positive-Sense RNA Viruses (Picornaviridae FMDV, Flaviviridae Classical Swine Fever, Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae) Retroviruses (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus, Avian Leukosis, Lentiviruses) & Prions (Scrapie, BSE)

Mycology

4 Topics
Dermatophytes (Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, Macroconidia & Favic Chandeliers) General Mycology Principles, Fungal Ultrastructure, Growth Requirements & Mucorales (Mucor, Rhizopus) Systemic & Opportunistic Molds (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger Head Morphology, Conidiophore Vesicles) Mycotoxins & Fungal Intoxications (Fusarium Fumonisin B1 Equine Leukoencephalomalacia, Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins)

Parasitic Zoonoses

2 Topics
Arthropod, Crustacean & Pentastomid Zoonoses (Linguatula serrata, Armillifer, Visceral Pentastomosis, Sarcoptic Zoonoses) One Health Surveillance, Epidemiological Classification (Xenonoses, Eupanzoonoses) & Zoonosis Prevention

Zoonoses

1 Topic
Classification & Ecology of Zoonoses (Cyclozoonoses, Metazoonoses, Direct Zoonoses, Pherozoonoses, Xenozoonoses)

Disturbances in Cell Growth and Oncology

1 Topic
Cellular Adaptive Responses (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia & Dysplasia)

Environmental Hygiene

1 Topic
Water Quality Standards, Purification Technologies (Rapid Sand Filtration) & Chlorination Chemistry (DPD Assay, Dechlorination)

Immunology

5 Topics
Cytokines, Interferons (Type I IFN-alpha/beta, Type II IFN-gamma, Type III IFN-lambda) & Superantigen Activation Historical Milestones in Immunology (Burnet, Medawar, Dausset HLA, Miller Thymus, Steinman Dendritic Cells, Buchner Alexin) Lymphoid Organs, Cells of Immune System, Spleen Blood Filtration & Immunological Adjuvants (ISCOMs, Liposomes) Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC / HLA / H-2), Antigen Processing, T-Cell Restriction (Doherty & Zinkernagel) Complement Pathways, Regulatory Proteins (Decay Accelerating Factor DAF / CD55), Serology & CFT Dilution Titers

Management of Livestock Parasitism

2 Topics
Anthelmintic Pharmacology & Probenzimidazoles (Febantel, Netobimin, Thiophanate, Levamisole, Macrocyclic Lactones) Acaricides, Insecticides, Semio-chemicals & Integrated Vector Baits (Pyrethroids, Amitraz, IGRs, Poison Baits)

Epidemiology

2 Topics
Basic Principles, Disease Ecology, Epidemiological Triad, Natural Nidality & Endemic Baseline Measures of Association (Relative Risk, Odds Ratio), Diagnostic Test Evaluation (Sensitivity, Specificity, NPV) & NIVEDI

Immunoparasitology

1 Topic
Hypersensitivity Reactions in Parasitic Pathology (Type I, Type II in Babesiosis/Malaria, Type III Immune Complexes, Type IV)

Molecular Cell Biology (Vaccine & Diagnostic Technology)

3 Topics
Diagnostic Molecular Probes, Formamide Tm Modulation, RNA Interference (Fire & Mello) & Monoclonal/Bispecific Antibodies Vaccine Technology, Bacterial/Viral Formulations, DNA Vaccines, Attenuation & Lyophilization Logistics Quality Assurance, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP Scope), Cleanroom Standards & Biosafety in Microbiological Facilities

Clinical Pathology

1 Topic
Erythrocyte Kinetics, Erythropoiesis Sequence & Regenerative Anemia (Polychromasia, Macrocytosis, Nucleated RBCs)

Systemic Pathology

1 Topic
Pathology of Digestive System: Primary Tympany Bloat, Rumenitis, Enteritis & Hepatic Cirrhosis

Pathology of Infectious Diseases

2 Topics
Bacterial Infectious Pathology: Anthrax (Blackberry Jam Spleen), Bovine Tuberculosis Caseocalcareous Granuloma Viral Infectious Pathologies: Rinderpest (Stomatitis Enteritis Syndrome) & Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Avian Pathology

2 Topics
Avian Oncogenic Viral Diseases: Marek's Disease (Neurolymphomatosis), Lymphoid Leukosis Big Liver & Sarcoma Complex Avian Paramyxovirus & Birnavirus Infections: Newcastle Disease Pathotypes (Velogenic) & Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)

Nutritional and Production Pathology

1 Topic
Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency Pathologies: White Muscle Disease, Mulberry Heart Disease, Hepatosis Dietetica, Encephalomalacia
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