Systematic Bacteriology

• Biological Characteristics of Asfarvirus (ASFV):
• Virions are large icosahedral enveloped particles ($175 - 215\text{ nm}$). Claiming small-sized $20\text{ nm}$ virions is False (parvoviruses/picornaviruses are $20\text{ nm}$).
• Exceptionally stable in organic matter across a wide pH range ($pH\ 4.0 - 11.5$). True.
• Genome is a single molecule of linear, double-stranded DNA ($170 - 190\text{ kbp}$) with terminal inverted repeats. True.
• The only known DNA arbovirus, transmitted biologically by soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros (O. moubata). True.
• nalysis:
• Statements (B), (C), and (D) are correct. Hence, Option 4 is correct.

• Patterns of Irreversible Cell Death:
• Oncotic Necrosis (Oncosis):
• The morphological progression of irreversible cell injury resulting from acute severe ATP depletion (hypoxia, ischemia) and plasma membrane pump failure.
• Characterized by cellular swelling (oncosis), mitochondrial swelling, plasma membrane rupture, and liberation of intracellular contents triggering severe inflammation.
• Apoptosis: Programmed, energy-dependent cell shrinkage without membrane lysis or inflammation.
• nalysis:
• (Oncotic necrosis): Correct.

Correct option: (2) Oncotic necrosis

• Pathophysiology of Edema:
• Assertion (A): Inflammatory edema is the excessive accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces and body cavities.
• Generally, inflammatory swelling produces a protein-rich exudate resulting from increased microvascular endothelial permeability.
• Reason (R): Edema is generally due to decrease in colloid osmotic pressure.
• Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure (hypoalbuminemia) produces a protein-poor transudate (non-inflammatory edema). It does NOT explain inflammatory edema.
• nalysis:
• In evaluating standard competitive exam questions, the statement distinction between transudative systemic mechanisms and localized inflammatory exudation is tested (Option 4).

Correct option: (4) (A) is false but (R) is true.