Conjugation: Direct transfer of genetic material (plasmid or chromosomal DNA) from a donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium through physical cell-to-cell contact mediated by a sex pilus (conjugation tube). (Correct answer)
Transposition: Movement of discrete mobile genetic elements called transposons ("jumping genes") from one genomic location to another within the same cell, catalyzed by transposase.
Transfection: Artificial introduction of foreign naked nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) into eukaryotic host cells using non-viral chemical or physical techniques.
Transduction: Horizontal gene transfer between bacterial cells mediated by a bacteriophage (viral vector), occurring without direct physical contact between the bacteria.
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ICAR JRF Veterinary Parasitology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which of the following is responsible for eliminating toxic oxygen by-products from cells?
Peroxisomes: Specialized microbodies containing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase that detoxify hazardous reactive oxygen species (ROS), including breaking down toxic hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) into water and oxygen. (Correct answer)
Mitochondria: The powerhouses of eukaryotic cells primarily responsible for cellular respiration, the Krebs cycle, and ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation.
Golgi complex: Organelles functioning in post-translational modification, sorting, packaging, and secretory targeting of proteins and lipids synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Chloroplasts: Double-membrane semi-autonomous plastids in photosynthetic plant cells responsible for light capture, photolysis of water, and carbon fixation (Calvin cycle).
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ICAR JRF Veterinary Parasitology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
Pedaliaceae: The sesame family consisting of flowering plants with mucilaginous hairs, opposite simple leaves, and capsular fruits containing oil-rich seeds (Sesamum indicum L.). (Correct answer)
Chenopodiaceae: The goosefoot family containing crops like beet, spinach, and quinoa.
Papilionaceae (Fabaceae): The pulse family characterized by butterfly-like papilionaceous flowers, including gram, arhar, and pea.
Leguminosae: The broader legume family covering all pod-bearing nitrogen-fixing species.
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