Veterinary Entomology

• First Aid in Rabies Prophylaxis and Viral Architecture:
• Statement I: Immediate vigorous flushing of animal bite wounds with soap and running water for 15 minutes is crucial.
• True. This simple post-exposure measure removes over $90\%$ of inoculating virus particles, markedly reducing the risk of rabies infection.
• Statement II: Rabies virus is non-enveloped and therefore, is potentially susceptible to detergents.
• False. Rabies virus is an enveloped bullet-shaped virus (family Rhabdoviridae) possessing a host-derived lipid bilayer envelope.
• Detergents in soap dissolve this lipid envelope, disrupting the viral membrane and neutralizing infectivity. (The statement claims it is non-enveloped, which is false).
• nalysis:
• (Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false): Correct.

Correct option: (3) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.

• Biological Characteristics of Asfarvirus (ASFV):
• Virions are large icosahedral enveloped particles ($175 - 215\text{ nm}$). Claiming small-sized $20\text{ nm}$ virions is False (parvoviruses/picornaviruses are $20\text{ nm}$).
• Exceptionally stable in organic matter across a wide pH range ($pH\ 4.0 - 11.5$). True.
• Genome is a single molecule of linear, double-stranded DNA ($170 - 190\text{ kbp}$) with terminal inverted repeats. True.
• The only known DNA arbovirus, transmitted biologically by soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros (O. moubata). True.
• nalysis:
• Statements (B), (C), and (D) are correct. Hence, Option 4 is correct.

• Patterns of Irreversible Cell Death:
• Oncotic Necrosis (Oncosis):
• The morphological progression of irreversible cell injury resulting from acute severe ATP depletion (hypoxia, ischemia) and plasma membrane pump failure.
• Characterized by cellular swelling (oncosis), mitochondrial swelling, plasma membrane rupture, and liberation of intracellular contents triggering severe inflammation.
• Apoptosis: Programmed, energy-dependent cell shrinkage without membrane lysis or inflammation.
• nalysis:
• (Oncotic necrosis): Correct.

Correct option: (2) Oncotic necrosis