6
Earthworm acts as the intermediate host for the parasites namely
(A) . Capillaria annulata
(B) . Dioctophyma renale
(C) . Syngamus trachea
(D) . Metastrongylus apri
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
EXPLANATION
Bursate Nematodes
- Earthworm Intermediate Hosts: Common terrestrial and aquatic oligochaetes (earthworms, e.g., Eisenia foetida, Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbriculus variegatus) serve as obligate intermediate hosts for Capillaria annulata, Dioctophyma renale, and Metastrongylus apri.
- Host Relationships:
- Capillaria annulata: Earthworms ingest embryonated eggs; infective L1 larvae develop inside the earthworm musculature and infect poultry upon ingestion.
- Dioctophyma renale (giant kidney worm): Aquatic oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) ingest eggs, developing infective juvenile stages which may subsequently be ingested by paratenic fish/frogs or final canids/mustelids.
- Metastrongylus apri: Swine lungworms strictly require earthworms (Eisenia, Dendrobaena) as intermediate hosts where first-stage larvae develop to infective L3.
- Paratenic Distinction for Syngamus trachea: Although earthworms readily ingest and harbour Syngamus trachea larvae for years, they function as facultative paratenic/transport hosts, because S. trachea is capable of direct transmission without an intermediate host.
Correct option: (1) (A), (6) and (D) only.
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