1
Type II hypersensitivity is involved in the pathogenesis of the following conditions:
(A) . Anaemia in malaria
(B) . Megacolon in chagas disease
(C) . Haemoglobinuria in babesiosis
(D) . Glomerulonephritis in malaria
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
EXPLANATION
Hypersensitivity Reactions in Parasitic Patho
- Type II (Antibody-Dependent Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity:
- Mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies directed against surface antigens of target host cells, triggering complement-mediated lysis or opsonization/phagocytosis:
- Anemia in Malaria (Plasmodium): Antibodies against parasite antigens deposited on red blood cells cause bystander extravascular hemolysis.
- Megacolon/Cardiomyopathy in Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi): Autoantibodies cross-react with host nervous and cardiac muscle cells, destroying enteric autonomic ganglia.
- Hemoglobinuria in Babesiosis (Babesia): Immune-mediated destruction of parasitized and unparasitized erythrocytes triggers intravascular hemolysis.
- Glomerulonephritis in Malaria: Caused by circulating immune complex deposition in renal glomeruli, representing Type III hypersensitivity.
- nalysis:
- Conditions (A), (B), and (C) involve Type II hypersensitivity. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
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