Q.1
ICAR JRF 2024Shift 1 Assertion & Reason +4 −1

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Hypothermia is usually fatal in newborns
Reason (R) : In new borns hypothalamus does not regulate the temperature efficiently

In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology विषय एवं अध्याय

विषय एवं पाठ्यक्रम के अनुसार सभी अध्याय देखें

खंड अ: सामान्य कृषि

3 टॉपिक्स
मृदा विज्ञान, पादप पोषण एवं सुधार शस्य विज्ञान, जुताई एवं फसल उत्पादन फसल आनुवंशिकी, पादप प्रजनन एवं आईपीआर

General Medicine

1 टॉपिक्स
General Systemic States: Pathogenesis of Septicemia, Toxemia, Bacteremia & Pyemia

General Pharmacology

5 टॉपिक्स
Principles of Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Plasma Protein Binding & Vd Drug Biotransformation: Phase I, Phase II Non-Microsomal & Microsomal CYP450 Enzymes Physicochemical Factors: Drug Ionization, pKa, Henderson-Hasselbalch Kinetics & Membrane Permeation Excretion of Drugs: Renal Clearance, Glomerular Filtration & Biliary Elimination Pharmacodynamics: Drug-Receptor Theories, Agonists, Antagonists & Dose-Response Curves

General Surgery

1 टॉपिक्स
Surgical Suture Materials: Synthetic Absorbable vs Polyamide/Nylon & Needle Selection

Veterinary Gynaecology

3 टॉपिक्स
Functional Anatomy & Histology of Female Genitalia: Ovaries, Oviducts (Peg Cells) & Cervix (Sialomucin) Pregnancy Diagnosis: Rectal Palpation, Membrane Slip, Placentomes & Biomarkers Congenital & Developmental Anomalies: White Heifer Disease, Freemartinism & Intersexuality

Anaesthesia

1 टॉपिक्स
Anaesthetic Monitoring, Neonatal Hypothermia & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) सक्रिय

Comparative Splanchnology

1 टॉपिक्स
Accessory Digestive Organs: Liver, Scythe-Shaped Spleen in Equines & Canine Pancreas

Diagnosis of Animal Diseases

1 टॉपिक्स
Diagnostic Ultrasonography: Principles, Probes & Soft-Tissue Imaging in Farm Animals

Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

2 टॉपिक्स
General Anesthetics: Inhalation Anesthetics (Halothane, Isoflurane) & MAC Central Stimulants, Anticonvulsants & Euthanatizing Agents

Accidents during Gestation

2 टॉपिक्स
Gestational Pathology: Hydrallantois (Bloated Bull Frog) vs Hydramnios (Bulldog Calf) Fetal Death: Maceration, Mummification (Trimester & Bone Resorption) & Embryonic Mortality

Drugs Acting on Humoral and Autonomic Nervous Systems

2 टॉपिक्स
Cholinergic Transmission: Muscarinic & Nicotinic Agonists, Anticholinesterases & Antidotes Adrenergic Antagonists: Alpha-Blockers (Tolazoline, Prazosin) & Beta-Blockers

Gastroenterology

4 टॉपिक्स
Ruminal Tympany (Bloat): Pathogenesis of Frothy vs Free-Gas Bloat, Trocarization & Emergency Rumenotomy Equine Colic: Etiology, Spasmodic, Impaction, Tympanitic & Strangulating Obstructions Enteritis, Secretory vs Malabsorptive Diarrhea & Dysentery in Farm Animals Hepatic Diseases: Hepatocellular, Hemolytic & Obstructive Jaundice, Hepatitis & Hepatic Lipidosis

Myology, Angiology, Neurology and Aesthesiology of Ox

2 टॉपिक्स
Myology of Head, Neck & Trunk: Digastricus (Two Bellies), Sublumbar & Prepubic Tendon Peripheral Neurology & Clinical Nerve Blocks: Mental, Mandibular & Sweeney (Suprascapular)

Diseases of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary System

2 टॉपिक्स
Pulmonary Congestion, Edema, Epistaxis & Hemoptysis in Animals Pulmonary Emphysema, Atelectasis & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

1 टॉपिक्स
Respiratory Pharmacology: Bronchodilators (Beta-2 Agonists, Methylxanthines) & Mucolytics

Orthopaedics and Lameness

2 टॉपिक्स
Joint Affections: Coxo-Femoral Dislocation (Antero-Dorsal in Cattle) & Cranial Drawer Sign (CCL) Patellar Affections: Upward Fixation of Patella (Medial Patellar Desmotomy) & Canine Patellar Luxation

Andrology

3 टॉपिक्स
Functional Anatomy & Histology of Male Genital Tract: Testes, Epididymis & Glands Spermatogenesis, Seminiferous Epithelial Cycle & Duration across Domestic Species Sperm Morphology & Viability: Primary vs Secondary Sperm Abnormalities & Staining

Diseases of Urinary, Nervous, Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems

1 टॉपिक्स
Renal Pathology: Acute & Chronic Renal Failure, Nephrosis & Glomerulonephritis

Drugs Acting on Digestive System

1 टॉपिक्स
Gastric & Ruminal Pharmacology: Antacids, H2-Blockers, PPIs & Ruminal Buffers

General and Systemic Histology and Ultrastructure

3 टॉपिक्स
Histology of Lymphoid Organs & Serosa: Peritoneal Mesothelium & Thymic Hassall's Corpuscles Muscle & Nervous Tissue Histology: Microglia (CNS Macrophages) & Auerbach's Plexus Histology of Digestive & Respiratory: Serous Demilunes, Brunner's Glands & Type II Pneumocytes

Surgery of Head and Neck Region

1 टॉपिक्स
Laryngeal & Pharyngeal Surgery: Equine Laryngeal Hemiplegia (Roaring), Ventriculectomy & Tracheotomy

Developmental Anatomy

2 टॉपिक्स
Fertilization, Cleavage Types (Meroblastic Discoidal in Birds) & Blastocyst Sequence Placentology & Fetal Remnants: Canine Zonary Endotheliochorial & Umbilical Vein Remnant

Drugs Acting on Urogenital System

3 टॉपिक्स
Diuretics: Osmotic (Mannitol), Loop Diuretics (Furosemide), Thiazides & Potassium-Sparing Urinary Antiseptics: Methenamine Mandelic Acid, Nitrofurantoin & Urinary Acidifiers Therapeutics of Prostatic Disorders & Urinary Incontinence (Finasteride, PPA)

Thoracic Surgery

1 टॉपिक्स
Thoracic Anatomy (7 Sternal Vertebrae in Horse, Dorsal Longitudinal Ligament) & Approaches

Abdominal and Pelvic Surgery

3 टॉपिक्स
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV) in Dogs: Greater Curvature Necrosis & Gastropexy Urolithiasis & Urinary Surgery: Calculi at Goat Urethral Process, Tube Cystostomy & Urethrostomy Udder & Teat Surgery: Teat Lacerations, Teat Spider, Canal Obstruction & Mastectomy

Endocrine Pharmacology

5 टॉपिक्स
Adrenocortical Steroids: Glucocorticoids (Short vs Long-Acting) & Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones: GnRH Analogues (Gonadorelin), Buserelin & Somatotropin Pancreatic Hormones: Insulin Formulations, Synthesis Pathway & Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs: Levothyroxine (L-T4), Liothyronine (L-T3) & Methimazole Reproductive Hormones: Estrogens, Progestins, Androgens & Antiprogestins

Autacoids

3 टॉपिक्स
Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes & Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (Zafirlukast) Vasoactive Peptides & Mediators: Kinins, Serotonin, Nitric Oxide & Endothelin Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): COX-1 vs COX-2 Selective & Dual Inhibitors

Chemotherapy

8 टॉपिक्स
Fluoroquinolones: Mechanism, Cartilage Toxicity in Young Animals & Extra-Label Restrictions Tetracyclines & Chloramphenicol: Chelation, Divalent Cations, Teeth Staining & Bone Marrow Effects Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Penicillins, Cephalosporins & Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors Anthelmintics, Antiprotozoals & Anticoccidials: Benzimidazoles, Macrocyclic Lactones & Robenidine Aminoglycosides & Aminocyclitols: Gentamicin, Amikacin & Phosphatidylinositol Toxicity Macrolides, Lincosamides & Streptogramins: Ribosomal Subunit 50S Peptidyl-tRNA Dissociation Sulfonamides & Trimethoprim: Folate Synthesis Inhibition, Crystalluria & Surface-Acting Agents Antifungal & Antiviral Agents: Azoles, Polyenes, Griseofulvin & Acyclovir

Neuroanatomy

1 टॉपिक्स
Gross Morphology of Brain: Cerebrum, Cerebellum (Peduncles, Trapezoid Body) & Brainstem

Toxicology

2 टॉपिक्स
General Principles of Toxicology: Toxicity Ratings, Toxicokinetics & Antidotal Therapeutics Phytotoxicoses & Plant Poisonings: Cyanide, Nitrates, Oxalates & Glucosides

Equine Reproduction

1 टॉपिक्स
Stallion Reproduction: Andrology, Breeding Management, Copulation Duration & Semen AI

Miscellaneous Topics

2 टॉपिक्स
Extra-Label Drug Use (AMDUCA) & Prohibited Substances in Food Animals Veterinary Drug Delivery Systems: Transdermal, Sustained-Release & Nanomedicine

Canine and Feline Reproduction

1 टॉपिक्स
Canine Estrous Cycle: Vaginal Cytology & Progesterone Ovulation Timing
Official PYQ Papers

Previous Year Papers of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology

Practice official shift-wise question papers with answer keys and detailed explanations on the actual exam pattern.

1
Total Available Previous Papers

Choose Exam

Exam Directory

Browse official Previous papers and mock tests

10 Major Agriculture Exams Available

RPSC Agriculture Exams

5 Exams
Food Safety Officer Assistant Agriculture Officer Agriculture Officer RPSC Agriculture Research Officer RPSC AARO

RSSB Agriculture Exams

1 Exam
कृषि पर्यवेक्षक (RSSB)

National & PG Entrances

4 Exams
ICAR AIEEA PG CUET UG Rajasthan Agriculture Pre-PG ICAR JRF/SRF