Nitrogen (N): The primary macronutrient that is most widely deficient and universally limiting for crop growth and yield across virtually all agro-climatic zones and soil orders in India. (Correct answer)
Carbon: Readily acquired by plants from atmospheric carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) during photosynthesis and is not a soil-supplied mineral limiting nutrient.
Oxygen: Absorbed freely from air and soil pore spaces during root respiration and is not a limiting mineral fertilizer element.
Hydrogen: Supplied in abundant quantities through water ($H_2O$) absorbed by roots during transpirational uptake.
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7
ICAR JRF Veterinary Pharmacology And Toxicology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
What is a potential disadvantage of agroforestry systems?
Enhanced susceptibility to pests: In some agroforestry combinations, woody perennials can act as alternative, collateral, or over-wintering host plants for insect pests and fungal pathogens, potentially increasing pest pressure on adjacent companion crops. (Correct answer)
Soil erosion: Agroforestry systems significantly reduce water and wind erosion through protective tree canopy cover and root anchoring.
Carbon sequestration: Integrating woody trees with crops markedly enhances both aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon sequestration.
Biodiversity: Multi-strata agroforestry increases floral and faunal biodiversity by creating diverse micro-habitats.
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8
ICAR JRF Veterinary Pharmacology And Toxicology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
Allyl isothiocyanate: The volatile sulfur-containing organic compound responsible for the characteristic pungent smell and biting taste of mustard oil. It is formed when the glucosinolate sinigrin undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis by myrosinase upon cellular crushing. (Correct answer)
Amino acids: Nitrogenous organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins and do not impart volatile pungency.
Erucic acid: A long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid (C22:1) present in mustard seed triglycerides that affects nutritional oil quality, not volatile aroma.
Oxalic acid: An organic dicarboxylic acid found in leafy greens like spinach that acts as an antinutrient, unrelated to mustard pungency.
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9
ICAR JRF Veterinary Pharmacology And Toxicology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
Pedaliaceae: The sesame family consisting of flowering plants with mucilaginous hairs, opposite simple leaves, and capsular fruits containing oil-rich seeds (Sesamum indicum L.). (Correct answer)
Chenopodiaceae: The goosefoot family containing crops like beet, spinach, and quinoa.
Papilionaceae (Fabaceae): The pulse family characterized by butterfly-like papilionaceous flowers, including gram, arhar, and pea.
Leguminosae: The broader legume family covering all pod-bearing nitrogen-fixing species.
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10
ICAR JRF Veterinary Pharmacology And Toxicology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which of the following is NOT a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming?
Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$): Directly respired by animals but constitutes part of the short-term biogenic carbon cycle (rapidly re-absorbed by feed crops through photosynthesis), making direct livestock $CO_2$ a non-significant net anthropogenic greenhouse driver compared to enteric methane and nitrous oxide. (Correct answer)
Methane ($CH_4$): A potent greenhouse gas heavily produced by enteric fermentation in ruminants and anaerobic manure lagoons.
Nitrous oxide ($N_2O$): An exceptionally potent greenhouse gas emitted during the storage, handling, and application of livestock manure and urine.
Ammonia ($NH_3$): A significant livestock-related atmospheric pollutant and indirect greenhouse contributor causing soil acidification.
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