Endogenous Controls in Quantitative RT-PCR and Transcriptomics:
Actin ($eta$-actin / ACTB): Encodes a ubiquitous cytoskeletal microfilament protein required for structural cell maintenance.
It is utilized as a standard positive internal reference (housekeeping control) in Northern blots, RT-qPCR, and transcriptome assays because its basal mRNA expression level is fairly constant and stable across different cell types, tissues, and experimental physiological conditions.
nalysis:
(It is used as a positive control as actin expression is fairly constant in different cell types): Correct.
Correct option: (3) It is used as a positive control as actin expression is fairly constant in different cell types.
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Homopolymer Tailing in Recombinant DNA Technology:
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT): A template-independent DNA polymerase that adds successive deoxynucleotides to the $3'\text{-OH}$ end of DNA.
When supplied with a single dNTP (e.g., dGTP or dCTP), TdT synthesizes a continuous homopolymeric tail (e.g., poly-dG on vector and poly-dC on insert cDNA), allowing complementary annealing and cohesive cloning without restriction enzyme cleavage.
Immunological Protection: High concentrations of maternal immunoglobulins (IgG, secretory IgA), lactoferrin, lysozyme, and maternal leukocytes.
Exclusion: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial endotoxin from Gram-negative cell envelopes; healthy mammary secretions do NOT provide LPS [Option 3].
Correct option: (3) Lipopolysacchrides
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14
ICAR JRF Veterinary Physiology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
The hormone which is primarily responsible for the ductular development of udder is.
Cardiac Conduction Sequence: The physiological cardiac electrical impulse originates in the primary pacemaker, the Sinoatrial (SA) Node, situated at the junction of the cranial vena cava and right atrium.
Conduction Pathway: The action potential spreads across the atrial myocardium and internodal pathways to the Atrioventricular (AV) Node, passes through the fibrous atrioventricular ring via the Bundle of His, divides into the left and right bundle branches, and travels through Purkinje fibers to depolarize the ventricular myocardium from endocardium to epicardium (Option 3).
Correct option: (3) Across the atria and to the AV node.
Explanation not matching this question?क्या व्याख्या इस प्रश्न से मेल नहीं खा रही?Report
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