Excretion

• Comparative Anatomy of Bovine Sweat Glands:
• Density & Size: Zebu cattle (Bos indicus, Brahman) possess larger, more numerous saccular sweat glands per square centimeter of skin compared to temperate European taurine cattle (Bos taurus).
• Depth: In Brahman cattle, sweat glands are situated closer to the dermal-epidermal boundary for efficient heat dissipation.
• Seasonality: Glands display morphological variations between winter and summer.
• Exercise: Heavy physical exercise temporarily reduces glandular stored luminal volume.
• Summary: Statements (A), (B), (C), and (D) are all correct [Option 1].

Correct option: (1) (A), (B), (C), and (D).

• Allen's Ecological Rule: Allen's Rule (formulated by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877) states that among endothermic (warm-blooded) animals, individuals belonging to populations adapted to colder climatic zones have relatively shorter extremities and protruding body appendages (such as ears, limbs, muzzles, and tails) than counterparts in warmer regions to reduce surface area and minimize radiative heat loss.
• Bergmann's Rule: States that geographic races in colder climates tend to have larger overall body sizes.

Correct option: (1) Allen’s rule