Classical Effects: Pure $\mu$-opioid receptor agonist producing profound visceral analgesia, dose-dependent central respiratory depression (decreased sensitivity of medullary centers to $\text{CO}_2$), and sedation.
Gastrointestinal Action: Morphine causes severe constipation by increasing segmental smooth muscle tone, abolishing coordinated propulsive peristalsis, and increasing anal sphincter tone.
Exclusion: Diarrhea is NEVER a characteristic pharmacological effect of morphine (it is an antidiarrheal action).
Correct option: (4) Diarrhoea
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2
ICAR JRF Veterinary Surgery And Radiology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
Formulation of Immobilon SA (Small Animal): In veterinary neuroleptanalgesia, Immobilon SA contains the ultrapotent opioid Etorphine hydrochloride at a concentration of 0.074 mg/ml combined with methotrimeprazine ($18\text{ mg/ml}$).
Reversal: Reversed specifically with Revivon SA (diprenorphine).
Correct option: (2) 0.074mg/ml
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