Cenchrus ciliaris (Anjan grass / Buffel grass): A persistent, drought-hardy, deep-rooted C4 perennial bunchgrass widely recommended for pasture development in arid and semi-arid wastelands due to its exceptional drought tolerance and sand-binding capability. (Correct answer)
Atylosia spp.: Wild leguminous perennial relatives of pigeonpea valued for breeding disease resistance, not a rangeland pasture grass.
Stylosanthes hamata (Caribbean stylo): A nutritious tropical pasture legume, not a grass.
Sorghum bicolor: A cultivated annual cereal fodder crop, requiring seasonal sowing rather than persistent rangeland ground cover.
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ICAR JRF Veterinary Surgery And Radiology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
Statistical Scope: India has a total net cultivated area of approximately 140–141 million hectares (mha).
Rainfed Proportion: Rainfed agriculture accounts for roughly 51–52% of the total net sown area in the country, which translates statistically to approximately 70–73 million hectares (mha). (Correct answer: Option 4)
Contribution: Rainfed areas contribute significantly to coarse cereals, pulses, and oilseed production in India. Among the given options, 70 mha accurately represents the extent of rainfed cultivated land.
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13
ICAR JRF Veterinary Surgery And Radiology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
Which nutrient is often a limiting factor in agricultural production?
Nitrogen (N): The primary macronutrient that is most widely deficient and universally limiting for crop growth and yield across virtually all agro-climatic zones and soil orders in India. (Correct answer)
Carbon: Readily acquired by plants from atmospheric carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) during photosynthesis and is not a soil-supplied mineral limiting nutrient.
Oxygen: Absorbed freely from air and soil pore spaces during root respiration and is not a limiting mineral fertilizer element.
Hydrogen: Supplied in abundant quantities through water ($H_2O$) absorbed by roots during transpirational uptake.
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14
ICAR JRF Veterinary Surgery And Radiology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
What is a potential disadvantage of agroforestry systems?
Enhanced susceptibility to pests: In some agroforestry combinations, woody perennials can act as alternative, collateral, or over-wintering host plants for insect pests and fungal pathogens, potentially increasing pest pressure on adjacent companion crops. (Correct answer)
Soil erosion: Agroforestry systems significantly reduce water and wind erosion through protective tree canopy cover and root anchoring.
Carbon sequestration: Integrating woody trees with crops markedly enhances both aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon sequestration.
Biodiversity: Multi-strata agroforestry increases floral and faunal biodiversity by creating diverse micro-habitats.
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15
ICAR JRF Veterinary Surgery And Radiology 29 Jun 2024Shift 1
Pedaliaceae: The sesame family consisting of flowering plants with mucilaginous hairs, opposite simple leaves, and capsular fruits containing oil-rich seeds (Sesamum indicum L.). (Correct answer)
Chenopodiaceae: The goosefoot family containing crops like beet, spinach, and quinoa.
Papilionaceae (Fabaceae): The pulse family characterized by butterfly-like papilionaceous flowers, including gram, arhar, and pea.
Leguminosae: The broader legume family covering all pod-bearing nitrogen-fixing species.
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