General Surgery

• Vertebral Ligaments in Domestic Animals:
• The Dorsal Longitudinal Ligament (Ligamentum longitudinale dorsale) runs along the floor of the vertebral canal on the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies from the axis to the sacrum.
• It is particularly strong, thick, and wide in the thoracic region, where it reinforces the intervertebral discs against intense compressive and rotational forces exerted by the rib cage and locomotion.
• nalysis:
• (Thoracic area): Correct.

Correct option: (1) Thoracic area

• Equine Shoulder Sweeney:
• Sweeney refers to pronounced neurogenic atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles of the equine shoulder.
• Caused by direct trauma or stretch injury to the suprascapular nerve as it courses across the cranial border and neck of the scapula, lacking protective bony coverage.
• Denervation causes muscle wasting, leaving the scapular spine prominently exposed with lateral subluxation of the shoulder joint during weight-bearing ("shoulder slip").
• nalysis:
• (Supra-scapular): Correct nerve.

Correct option: (4) Supra-scapular

• Anatomy of the Prepubic Tendon (Tendo praepubicus):
• The prepubic tendon is a robust, transverse fibrous plate attached firmly to the cranial border of the pubis (pecten ossis pubis) and iliopectineal eminences.
• It receives the strong, bilateral terminal tendon of insertion of the Rectus abdominis muscles, as well as the aponeuroses of the gracilis and pectineus muscles.
• (Rupture of the prepubic tendon is an emergency in pregnant draft mares).
• nalysis:
• (Prepubic tendon): Correct.

Correct option: (3) Prepubic tendon