Q.72
Who conducted several experiments on Hawthorne Plant workers?
- Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne Studies:
- The historic Hawthorne Experiments (1924–1932) were conducted at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago under the leadership of Australian psychologist Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger.
- The research investigated how physical working conditions (illumination, rest pauses, work hours) influenced worker productivity, discovering that social relationships, informal group norms, recognition, and emotional needs (The Hawthorne Effect) were far more critical determinants of worker output than physical conditions alone, laying the foundation for the Human Relations Movement in management.
- Distractors:
- Max Weber: Pioneer of Bureaucratic Theory.
- Peter F. Drucker: Father of Modern Management (MBO framework).
- Henry Gantt: Developer of the Gantt scheduling chart and task-and-bonus wage system.
Correct option: (4) Elton Mayo
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