• Product Layout (Line Layout) in Facility Design:
• Product Layout (or assembly line layout) arranges workstations and machinery in a fixed linear path according to the exact progressive sequence of operations required to manufacture a standardized, high-volume product (e.g., dairy packaging, car assembly).
• Distractors:
• Process Layout (Functional Layout): Groups similar machines and functions together in departments (e.g., all drilling machines in one area, all painting in another), suited for low-volume, high-variety custom jobs.
• Hybrid Layout (Cellular Layout): Combines process and product layout principles using group technology.

Correct option: (2) Product Layout

• Continuous Inventory System (Fixed-Order-Quantity System):
• In a Continuous Inventory System (or perpetual inventory system, $Q$-system), the inventory level is tracked on an ongoing real-time basis after every transaction.
• Whenever the physical inventory drops to a predetermined Reorder Point ($ROP$), a fixed order quantity (typically the Economic Order Quantity - EOQ) is automatically placed.
• Distractors:
• Periodic Inventory System ($P$-system): Reviews inventory at fixed regular calendar intervals (e.g., weekly or monthly) and places orders of varying size to restore stock to a target level.

Correct option: (3) Continuous Inventory System

• Critical Ratio (CR) in Job Sequencing:
• The Critical Ratio is an index used in operations scheduling to determine the dispatch priority of waiting jobs:

• Interpretation:
• $CR \gt 1.0$: Time remaining until due date exceeds the time required to complete the job; therefore, the job is ahead of schedule (has slack time).
• $CR = 1.0$: The job is exactly on schedule.
• $CR \lt 1.0$: The job has less time available than required to process; hence, it is behind schedule and must be expedited.

Correct option: (1) The Job is ahead of schedule

• Logistics Service Provider Classifications (PL Models):
• 2PL (Second-Party Logistics): A business model where the manufacturing/shipping enterprise hires an external transport carrier or warehouse operator directly to transport or store goods between specific origin and destination nodes (e.g., hiring a private trucking firm or ocean shipping line).
• Other Models:
• 1PL (First-Party Logistics): A firm transports and manages its own cargo using its own internal transport fleet.
• 3PL (Third-Party Logistics): Outsources end-to-end integrated logistics operations (customs, warehousing, cross-docking, distribution).
• 4PL (Fourth-Party Logistics): A non-asset-based supply chain integrator that oversees and orchestrates all 3PL providers and technology systems.

Correct option: (2) 2PL