Q.14
Agricultural Extension Education- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
Pungency in mustard oil is due to
EXPLANATION कृषि मौसम विज्ञान एवं जलवायु विज्ञान
  • Allyl isothiocyanate: The volatile sulfur-containing organic compound responsible for the characteristic pungent smell and biting taste of mustard oil. It is formed when the glucosinolate sinigrin undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis by myrosinase upon cellular crushing. (Correct answer)
  • Amino acids: Nitrogenous organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins and do not impart volatile pungency.
  • Erucic acid: A long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid (C22:1) present in mustard seed triglycerides that affects nutritional oil quality, not volatile aroma.
  • Oxalic acid: An organic dicarboxylic acid found in leafy greens like spinach that acts as an antinutrient, unrelated to mustard pungency.
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Agricultural Extension Education विषय एवं अध्याय

विषय एवं पाठ्यक्रम के अनुसार सभी अध्याय देखें

Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations

2 टॉपिक्स
Innovation-Decision Process (Rogers Model), Innovation Attributes (Relative Advantage, Compatibility, Complexity, Trialability, Observability) Adopter Categorization (Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, Laggards), Opinion Leadership & Diffusion Networks

Entrepreneurship Development

2 टॉपिक्स
Entrepreneurship Concepts, Theories of Entrepreneurship (Schumpeter Innovation, McClelland Achievement Need), Characteristics & Competencies Agri-Enterprises: Project Identification, Feasibility Analysis, Business Plan, Micro-Financing, KVIC & Government Schemes (ACABC)

Extension Methods & Farm Journalism

2 टॉपिक्स
Individual, Group & Mass Extension Teaching Methods, Audio-Visual Aids (Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience) Farm Journalism: News Writing, Feature Articles, Farm Publications, Radio/TV Scripting, Storyboarding & Photography

Fundamentals of Extension Education and Programme Planning

2 टॉपिक्स
Extension Philosophy, Principles, Concepts, Historical Evolution & Pre/Post-Independence Community Development Programmes Modern Extension Approaches (ATMA, FFS, NATP, NAIP, SREP), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA/RRA) & Programme Planning Steps

Gender Sensitization and Empowerment

2 टॉपिक्स
Gender Concepts: Sex vs Gender, Gender Roles, Gender Division of Labour & Gender Disparity in Agriculture Gender Analysis Frameworks (Harvard, Moser), Gender Mainstreaming, Gender Budgeting & Women Empowerment through SHGs

खंड अ: सामान्य कृषि

5 टॉपिक्स
मृदा विज्ञान, पादप पोषण एवं सुधार फसल आनुवंशिकी, पादप प्रजनन एवं आईपीआर कृषि मौसम विज्ञान एवं जलवायु विज्ञान सक्रिय शस्य विज्ञान, जुताई एवं फसल उत्पादन कोशिका विज्ञान, पादप कार्यिकी एवं जैव रसायन

Information & Communication Technologies and Development Communication

2 टॉपिक्स
ICT in Agriculture: Kisan Call Centers (KCC), e-Choupal, Agri-Portals, Mobile Apps, Expert Systems & AI in Extension Communication Process, Models of Communication (Shannon-Weaver, Berlo, Schramm, Leagans) & Barriers to Communication

Management in Extension

2 टॉपिक्स
Management Principles in Extension: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Coordinating, Budgeting & Span of Control Project Planning & Monitoring: Logical Framework Approach (LFA), Management by Objectives (MBO), Total Quality Management (TQM) & PERT

Market-Led Extension

2 टॉपिक्स
Market-Led Extension Dimensions: Market Intelligence, Commodity Price Trends, Supply Chain Management & Value Chain Analysis Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Contract Farming & WTO Implications (AoA, SPS, TBT, TRIPS)

Research Methodology in Extension Education

2 टॉपिक्स
Types of Social Research, Variables, Hypotheses, MAXMINCON Principle, Experimental & Non-Experimental Research Designs Measurement & Scaling Techniques (Thurstone, Likert, Guttman, Item Analysis), Reliability, Validity & Social Science Statistics

Training and Human Resource Development

2 टॉपिक्स
Training Process: Training Need Assessment (TNA), Training Design, Curriculum Development & Experiential Learning (Kolb) HRD in Extension: Motivation (Maslow, McClelland), Leadership Styles, Team Building & Extension Training Institutes (EEI, MANAGE, NAARM)
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