• Temperature Requirements for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum):
• Optimum vegetative and reproductive growth occurs under day temperatures of 21–24 °C and night temperatures of 15–20 °C.
• Fruit set, fruit sizing, and synthesis of lycopene pigment (red coloration) are maximized within the range of 16 to 21 °C (temperatures $\gt 27^\circ\text{C}$ inhibit lycopene synthesis, resulting in yellowish-orange fruit). (Correct answer: Option 3)

• Albedo Values of Earth Surfaces for Shortwave Radiation:
• Fresh Snow: Highest reflectivity, albedo $\alpha \approx 0.75 - 0.95$ ($75-95\%$).
• Dry Sand Dunes: High reflectivity, albedo $\alpha \approx 0.35 - 0.45$ ($35-45\%$).
• Green Crop Canopies: Moderate reflectivity, albedo $\alpha \approx 0.18 - 0.25$ ($18-25\%$).
• Dark Moist Soils: Low reflectivity, albedo $\alpha \approx 0.08 - 0.15$ ($8-15\%$).
• Correct Sequence: Fresh snow $\gt $ Dry sand dunes $\gt $ Crop plants $\gt $ Dark soils.
• Conclusion: Option 4 represents the correct descending order.

Correct option: (4) Dark soils> Crop plants> Dry sand dunes> Fresh snow

• Total Seasonal Water Requirement ($ET$) of Field Crops:
• Wheat: Cool-season cereal requiring $450 - 650\text{ mm}$ of water $\rightarrow$ (I)
• Tomato: Solanaceous fruit vegetable requiring $600 - 800\text{ mm}$ of water $\rightarrow$ (II)
• Field Bean (Pulses): Short-duration legume requiring $300 - 500\text{ mm}$ of water $\rightarrow$ (III)
• Lowland Rice: Semi-aquatic cereal requiring $900 - 2500\text{ mm}$ under ponded conditions $\rightarrow$ (IV)
• Systematic Match: (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) corresponds to Option 2.

Correct option: (2) (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (1), (DB) - (Ill)