• Postulation of Hardy-Weinberg Law: The Hardy-Weinberg law (or equilibrium) was independently formulated in 1908 by the British mathematician G. H. Hardy and the German physician Wilhelm Weinberg.
• Fundamental Principle: In a large, randomly mating population with negligible mutation, migration, selection, and genetic drift, allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation:

where $p$ and $q$ represent the frequencies of alleles $A$ and $a$, respectively.

• Significance in Animal Genetics: It provides the baseline theoretical null model to test evolutionary forces and determine whether a livestock population is under selection or random mating.

Correct option: (2) 1908