Animal Nutrition- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Characteristics of Vertical Feed Mixers:
• Consist of a vertical cylindrical or conical hopper containing a central vertical screw auger that elevates and drops feed ingredients.
• Advantages: Inexpensive to install, simple maintenance, requires minimal floor space.
• Disadvantages: Requires longer mixing times ($10\text{--}15\text{ minutes}$ compared to $2\text{--}5\text{ minutes}$ for horizontal ribbon mixers), prone to particle segregation upon discharge.
• Not a Feature: Effective mixing of liquids is NOT a feature of vertical mixers; adding liquids (molasses, tallow, oils) causes severe sticking, clumping, and balling of the screw, requiring horizontal ribbon or paddle mixers for liquid blending.

Correct option: (2) Effective mixing of liquids

• Poloxalene $\to$ (III) Erle Bartley: Erle E. Bartley developed the non-ionic surfactant poloxalene (Bloat Guard) for the prevention and treatment of pasture frothy bloat in cattle.
• Portable Respiration Apparatus $\to$ (I) Nathan Zuntz: Nathan Zuntz designed the classic portable respiration apparatus for indirect calorimetry in exercising horses and humans.
• Hypomagnesemia $\to$ (IV) Fontenot: J. P. Fontenot conducted seminal research on magnesium metabolism, absorption pathways, and hypomagnesemic grass tetany in ruminants.
• Trace Element $\to$ (II) Underwood: E. J. Underwood is the internationally acclaimed author of the classic treatise Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition.

Correct option: (2) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)

• Frizzled Feathers $\to$ (III) Zinc: Zinc deficiency in poultry causes severe feathering abnormalities, including frizzled/frayed feathers, shortened and thickened long bones (perosis), and scaly dermatitis.
• Lechsucht Disease $\to$ (I) Copper: Lechsucht (licking disease / pica) is a classic manifestation of copper deficiency and hypocuprosis in cattle grazing copper-deficient or molybdenum-rich pastures.
• Garlic Odour $\to$ (IV) Selenium: Selenium toxicity results in the exhalation of volatile dimethyl selenide, giving expired breath a distinctive garlic odor.
• Glucose Tolerance Factor $\to$ (II) Chromium: Trivalent chromium ($Cr^{3+}$) is an integral component of Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF), potentiating the physiological action of insulin.

Correct option: (3) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)