• Statement (I) is True: Heat avoidance is the morphological or physiological capacity of a plant genotype to prevent its internal tissues from heating to critical stress levels, mediated by high transpirational cooling, leaf rolling, or reflective silvery trichomes.
• Statement (II) is True: Heat tolerance is the ability of plant protoplasm to survive and function under elevated internal tissue temperatures, mediated by heat shock proteins (HSPs), chaperone activity, antioxidant enzymes, and stable cell membrane lipids.
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.

Correct option: (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.

• Assertion (A) is True: Moisture stress develops whenever atmospheric evaporative demand exceeds the hydraulic capacity of the soil-root-vascular system to supply water.
• Reason (R) is False: During water stress, endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA) increase drastically (often 20- to 50-fold) to stimulate stomatal closure, and expression of stress-responsive genes (such as LEA proteins, dehydrins, and osmotin) is strongly upregulated, not decreased.
• Conclusion: (A) is true but (R) is false.

Correct option: (3) (A) is true but (R) is false.

• Wild Relatives and Quality Trait Introgression:
• Cotton, Gossypium thurberi $\rightarrow$ (II) Fibre strength: Wild diploid species used to transfer high fiber tensile strength to cultivated upland cotton.
• Tomato, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium $\rightarrow$ (I) Vitamin C content: Wild currant tomato hybridized to elevate ascorbic acid content and soluble solids.
• Oats, Avena sterilis $\rightarrow$ (IV) High protein content: Hexaploid wild oat used to introgress high groat protein content into cultivated oats.
• Pigeon pea, Atylosia spp. $\rightarrow$ (III) High protein (>27%): Wild relative introgressed to boost seed protein concentration above 27%.

Correct option: (2) (A) - (Il), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (ttl)

• Statement (I) is True: RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, Williams et al., 1990) is a PCR-based marker system utilizing single short arbitrary 10-mer primers that amplify random genomic loci; because presence/absence depends on primer annealing, it behaves as a dominant marker.
• Statement (II) is True: RAPD was the pioneer PCR-based molecular marker technique widely adopted across crop genetics and breeding because it requires no prior sequence information or probe libraries.
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.

Correct option: (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.

• Statement (I) is True: Sorghum somaclonal variant line R111 is an established drought-resistant line developed through in vitro somaclonal variation selection.
• Statement (II) is True: High-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) is an impermeable, non-toxic osmoticum routinely incorporated into plant tissue culture media to lower matric potential, simulating uniform physiological drought stress for in vitro mutant selection.
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.

Correct option: (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.