• Infiltration Equations in Soil and Water Engineering:
• $I = K t^a$ $\to$ (III) Kostiakov's Equation: Empirical power law relating cumulative infiltration to elapsed time $t$.
• $y = a t + b(1 - e^{-k t})$ $\to$ (IV) Lewis and Milne Equation: Volume balance advance equation utilizing exponential infiltration decay.
• $S t^{1/2} + A t$ $\to$ (I) Philip's Two-Term Infiltration Equation: Physically based equation where $S$ is sorptivity and $A$ is transmissivity.
• $y = a t^b + c$ (or Horton's integral) $\to$ (V) Horton's Equation.
• Matching Result: (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (V) (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) (A) - (ill), (B)- (IY), (C)- 0), 0) - V)

• Electromagnetic Frequency Domain Transducers:
• Operating Principle: Electromagnetic pulse pick-ups (variable reluctance sensors, magnetic gear tooth sensors, or Hall effect frequency sensors) generate electrical voltage pulses as ferromagnetic gear teeth pass through a localized magnetic field.
• Measured Parameter: The frequency ($f$) of the output pulse train is directly proportional to rotational speed:

where $Z$ is the number of teeth or poles. Thus, it operates in the frequency domain to measure shaft rotational speed.

• Conclusion: Speed (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) Speed

• Digitization in Precision Agriculture & Cartography:
• Definition: The process of converting geospatial data from hardcopy paper maps, aerial photographs, or survey drawings into structured digital vector coordinates (points, lines, polygons) using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with georeferencing coordinate systems.
• Agricultural Relevance: Critical for drafting farm boundary plots, drainage layouts, topographic contour sheets, and precision guidance field maps.
• Other Terms:
• Modulation/Demodulation: Telecommunication signal conversion.
• Computing: General data execution.
• Conclusion: Digitization (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) Digitization