Periclinal Chimera: Genetically altered mutant cell layer completely envelopes the central inner core across the entire shoot apical meristem (covering L-I, L-II, or L-III layers). It is the most stable chimera and can be maintained indefinitely through vegetative cloning (cuttings, grafting).
Mericlinal Chimera: The mutation occupies only a portion of one outer layer; unstable and quickly segregates into periclinal or wild-type shoots.
Sectorial Chimera: The mutation occupies a wedge-shaped cross-section involving multiple layers; highly unstable and lost during growth.
Correct Option: Option 2 (Periclinal).
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Commercially propagated on a large scale through hardwood stem cuttings.
Terminal or sub-terminal dormant 1-year-old mature woody shoots ($20 - 30\text{ cm}$ long, $1.5 - 2\text{ cm}$ diameter) are collected during winter pruning and treated with IBA ($1000 - 2500\text{ ppm}$) to secure rapid, high rooting percentages.
Correct Option: Option 4 (Hardwood cutting).
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