• Bacteriocins vs. Conventional Antibiotics:
• Key Distinctions:
• Bacteriocins: Ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria (e.g., nisin from Lactococcus lactis) that exhibit a narrow, targeted inhibitory spectrum, typically lethal only to closely related bacterial species sharing identical ecological niches.
• Conventional antibiotics: Broad-spectrum secondary metabolites synthesized non-ribosomally, active across diverse phylogenic bacterial families.
• Conclusion: Bacteriocins typically target bacterial cells of the same species or closely related species (Option 4).

Correct option: (4) Bacteriocins typically target bacterial cells of the same species or closely related species