Fish Biotechnology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Nutrition of Oviparous Embryos:
• In oviparous animals (egg-laying species, including most teleost fishes and amphibians), eggs are shed and fertilized externally in the water.
• Because there is no placental maternal connection or parental provisioning during gestation:
• The embryo relies exclusively on the yolk (yolk sac)—a concentrated reserve of vitellogenin-derived proteins, phosphoproteins, phospholipids, and neutral lipids—to nourish metabolic growth and organogenesis until hatching and yolk absorption are completed.
• nalysis:
• (yolk): Correct.

Correct option: (2) yolk

• Prebiotic Nature of Inulin:
• Inulin is a soluble dietary fiber classified as a prebiotic.
• prebiotic is a selectively fermented dietary ingredient that produces specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microflora, conferring health benefits upon the host.
• Inulin cannot be hydrolyzed by host gastric acid or endogenous digestive enzymes, passing intact to the hindgut where beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) ferment it into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
• nalysis:
• (Prebiotic): Correct.

Correct option: (1) Prebiotic

• Chemical Structure of Inulin:
• Inulin is a heterogeneous collection of natural storage carbohydrates belonging to the fructan polysaccharide family (commonly extracted from chicory root Cichorium intybus and Jerusalem artichoke).
• It consists of linear chains of D-fructose molecules joined by $\beta(2\rightarrow 1)$ fructosyl-fructose glycosidic linkages, typically terminating with a single $\alpha(1\rightarrow 2)$-linked D-glucose residue:

• Its main repeating constituent building unit is Fructose.
• nalysis:
• (Fructose): Correct.

Correct option: (2) Fructose