PMMSY stands for Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana.
Launched in May 2020 by the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, under the Atmanirbhar Bharat package.
With a total financial outlay of $\text{Rs. } 20,050\text{ crores}$ over five years ($2020-21\text{ to } 2024-25$), it is the largest-ever investment program in India's fisheries sector, aimed at bridging gaps in fish production, productivity, quality, technology, post-harvest infrastructure, and fishers' welfare.
Netting Webbing Drag: The netting body (twines, knots, meshes, and codend) accounts for $55\% - 65\%$ of the total gear resistance due to skin friction and form drag across the thousands of open meshes.
The Union Government established the dedicated Ministry of Cooperation on 6th July 2021.
Formed to realize the vision of 'Sahakar se Samriddhi' (Prosperity through Cooperation), it provides a separate administrative, legal, and policy framework to strengthen cooperatives, Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS), and Fisheries Cooperative Societies (such as FISHCOPFED).
Correct Option: Option 1 (2021).
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Q.34
Fisheries Resource Management- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
When women and men have differential access to and control over livelihood capitals in fisheries then
In fisheries households and communities, access to the five core livelihood capitals (natural, physical, financial, human, and social capital) under the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework is markedly gender-differentiated.
Men typically control primary harvest assets (boats, motors, offshore access, institutional credit).
Women dominate post-harvest processing, drying, value-addition, and local marketing, often facing limited formal credit, insecure shore land tenure, and domestic burdens.
Consequently, men and women face distinctly different challenges in establishing and sustaining resilient livelihoods.
Correct Option: Option 1 (Men and women face different challenges in creating and maintaining sustainable livelihoods).
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Q.35
Fisheries Resource Management- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)+4−1
------ is an important property of antifreeze proteins present in certain fish
Polar and cold-temperate marine teleosts (such as Antarctic notothenioids, Arctic sculpins, and winter flounder) survive in icy seawater (down to $-1.9^\circ\text{C}$) due to Antifreeze Proteins (AFPs) and Antifreeze Glycoproteins (AFGPs).
Thermal Hysteresis: AFPs adsorb specifically to emerging ice crystal prism faces via non-colligative mechanisms (Kelvin effect), pinning step growth and depressing the non-equilibrium freezing point without altering the equilibrium melting point.
The temperature difference between the non-equilibrium freezing point and melting point is known as thermal hysteresis (typically $1.0-2.5^\circ\text{C}$).
Correct Option: Option 1 (Thermal hysteresis).
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