• Breeding Systems in Ornamental Annuals:
• Preferentially Inbreeding Annuals (Self-Pollinated):
• Antirrhinum majus (Snapdragon): Flower structure with tightly closed corolla palate (personate corolla) restricts insect visitation, favoring self-pollination before opening.
• Salvia splendens: Floral morphology and stigmatic maturation favor high levels of natural inbreeding / self-pollination.
• Outbreeding Annuals (Cross-Pollinated):
• (B) Marigold (Tagetes): Exhibits pronounced protandry and sporophytic self-incompatibility.
• (D) Petunia: Governed by gametophytic self-incompatibility and adapted for hawkmoth outcrossing.
• Correct Option: Option 1 ((A) and (C) only).

• Chronological Sequence in Flower Seed Production:

• Establishment of parental plant culture: Raising healthy, uniform nursery and establishing parent blocks at recommended isolation distances.
• Maintenance of genetic purity by removal of off-types: Systematic rouging at vegetative, pre-flowering, and flowering stages to eliminate rogues and variants.
• Pollination management: Introducing insect pollinators (honeybees) or conducting manual emasculation and crossing for $F_1$ hybrids.
• Identifying optimum harvesting stage: Monitoring physiological maturity to prevent seed shattering.
• Harvesting of seeds: Gathering mature pods/capsules/heads.
  6. (F) Cleaning and storage of seeds: Threshing, winnowing, drying to safe moisture ($6-8\%$), and storing under controlled temperature/humidity.
  • Correct Sequence: (D), (A), (E), (C), (B) and (F), matching Option 1.

• Statement (I) is True: Chafer beetles (Adoretus spp., family Scarabaeidae) are nocturnal pests that swarm rose plants at dusk, chewing voraciously on leaf blades, creating large, ragged, irregular holes and skeletonizing foliage.
• Statement (II) is True: Leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp., family Megachilidae) use their sharp mandibles to slice out neat, smooth, circular or oval discs from rose leaf margins. They do not ingest the plant tissue for nutrition; instead, they carry these green cutouts to line, partition, and seal individual larval brood chambers inside their nesting burrows.
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.