Food and Nutrition- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Physiology of the Adolescent Growth Spurt (AGS):
• Definition:
• The rapid acceleration in physical linear growth (height velocity), skeletal mass accretion, and somatic development occurring during puberty is termed the growth spurt.
• Hormonal Regulation:
• Driven by the synergistic action of Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), and sex steroids (estrogen in females, testosterone in males).
• Peaks around ages 11.5–12 in girls (peak height velocity $\approx 8 - 9\text{ cm/year}$) and ages 13.5–14 in boys (peak height velocity $\approx 9 - 10\text{ cm/year}$).
• Conclusion: Growth spurt (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) growth spurt

• Medical Nutrition Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis:
• Pathophysiology & Metabolic Consequences:
• Chronic diffuse mucosal inflammation of the colon causes bloody diarrhea, rectal bleeding, protein-losing enteropathy, mucosal ulcerations, and profound catabolism.
• Dietary Prescription:
• High-protein ($1.2 - 1.5\text{ g/kg/day}$), high-calorie diet: Essential to rebuild mucosal tissue, counteract negative nitrogen balance, replace serum albumin losses, and reverse wasting.
• During active flare-ups, low-residue/low-fiber foods are temporarily favored to reduce mechanical irritation, but overall nutritional density must remain elevated.
• Conclusion: High protein, calorie diet (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) high protein, calorie diet

• Gluten-Free Diet (GFD) in Celiac Disease Management:
• Gluten-Containing Grains to Avoid:
• Celiac disease is an autoimmune small-intestinal enteropathy triggered by prolamin fractions of gluten in susceptible individuals.
• Toxic grains include Wheat (gliadin), Barley (hordein), Rye (secalin), and Oats (avenin, commonly cross-contaminated with wheat/barley).
• Safe Alternatives:
• Rice, maize (corn), sorghum (jowar), pearl millet (bajra), finger millet (ragi), buckwheat, and amaranth.
• Conclusion: Wheat, barley, oats (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) Wheat, barley, oats