Q.57
Ultrasonic cleaners used for membrane cleaning operate at a frequency of
EXPLANATION
Non-Thermal Food Processing: High Pressure Processing (HPP), Pulsed Electric Fields & Ultrasound
- Ultrasonic Membrane Cleaning Frequency:
- Acoustic Cavitation Mechanics:
- Power ultrasound de-fouls filtration membranes (UF/RO) by inducing acoustic cavitation—microscopic bubble formation and violent collapse producing localized shock waves and high-velocity microjets that dislodge foulant foul cakes.
- Operates in the low-frequency power ultrasound regime of $20 - 40\text{ kHz}$.
- Conclusion: 20-40 KHz (Option 2).
Correct option: (2) 20-40 KHz
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