Human Development and Family Studies- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Developmental Milestones: Late Childhood vs. Other Stages:
• Egocentrism: Hallmark of Piaget's Preoperational stage (early childhood, ages 2–7), where the child cannot see things from another person's perspective.
• Object permanence: Landmark accomplishment of the Sensorimotor stage (infancy, birth to 2 years), where infants realize objects exist even when concealed.
• Industry vs. Inferiority: The primary psychosocial crisis of Late Childhood (school age, 6–12 years) in Erik Erikson's theory, where children master academic and social skills.
• Sensorimotor stage: Piaget's first developmental period spanning infancy (0–2 years).
• Concepts Unrelated to Late Childhood: (A), (B), and (D) belong to infancy and early childhood.
• Conclusion: (A), (B) and (D) only (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) (A), (B) and (D) only,

• Demographic Definition of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR):
• Formula:

• Key Parameters:
• Numerator: Deaths occurring before the first birthday ($\lt 365\text{ days}$). Deaths before 28 days are neonatal; 28 to 365 days are post-neonatal.
• Denominator: Standardized per 1,000 live births.
• Contrast: Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is expressed per $100,000$ live births.
• Conclusion: The occurrence of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births (Option 1).

Correct option: (1) The occurrence of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births.

• Psychological Profiling of Gifted Children:
• Psychometric and Cognitive Definition:
• Gifted children demonstrate intellectual capabilities significantly above the normative average (typically an IQ score of $\ge 130$ on standardized psychometric batteries like WISC or Stanford-Binet).
• Behavioral Characteristics:
• Rapid information processing, advanced abstract reasoning, extraordinary memory retention, extensive vocabulary, heightened curiosity, and advanced metacognitive strategies.
• They are not characterized by below-average intelligence, emotional instability, or linguistic deficits.
• Conclusion: Advanced intellectual abilities (Option 2).

Correct option: (2) Advanced intellectual abilities

Matching the items of List I with List II for Classification of children with developmental challenges:

The correct combination is Option 1: (A) (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (), (DB) - (IN).

Correct option: (1) (A) (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (), (DB) - (IN)