Q.97
Livestock Products Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1

The sequence of line operations in slaughter of cattle/buffalo includes

(A) . Sticking
(B) . Head removal
(C) . Dehiding
(D) . Evisceration

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

EXPLANATION Slaughter Line Operations, Dressing, Evisceration and Carcass Post-Mortem Inspection
  • Sequential Line Operations in Cattle / Buffalo Slaughter:
  • Sticking / Bleeding: Severing jugular veins and carotid arteries following stunning to ensure thorough exsanguination.
  • Dehiding / Flaying: Careful flaying and mechanical removal of the hide.
  • Head Removal: Decapitation at the atlanto-occipital joint for post-mortem tongue and lymph node inspection.
  • Evisceration: Removal of thoracic (pluck) and abdominal viscera under strict sanitary control.
    • Correct Chronological Order: (A) $\to$ (C) $\to$ (B) $\to$ (D).

Correct option: (2) (A), (C), (B), (D).

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Livestock Products Technology Subjects

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General Agriculture

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Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Basic and General Aspects of Livestock Products

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Milk Chemistry, True Constituents, Synthesis and Dairy Processing Principles Muscle Structure, Contractile Proteins, Fiber Types and Post-Mortem Glycolysis Meat Processing Biochemistry: Emulsions, Binders, Curing and Water Holding Capacity Non-Thermal and Thermal Food Processing: Microwaves, Irradiation and Novel Technologies Meat Speciation, Species Differentiation and Adulteration Detection

Energy and Proteins

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Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism, Essential Fatty Acids and Bioenergetics Protein Nutrition, Essential Amino Acids, CNCPS System and Protein Degradability Energy Partitioning, Calorimetry, Gross, Digestible and Metabolizable Energy

Overview of Genetics

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Mendelian Inheritance, Gene Interactions, Lethals and Multiple Alleles

Poultry Genetics and Breeding

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Poultry Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Domestication and Standard Breed Classes Indigenous Indian Chicken and Avian Breeds and AnGR Conservation

Abattoir and Poultry Processing Plants

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Slaughter Line Operations, Dressing, Evisceration and Carcass Post-Mortem Inspection Active Abattoir Design, Plant Layout, Effluent Treatment and Environmental Sanitation Humane Slaughter Systems: Stunning Methods, Ritual Slaughter and Bleeding Abattoir By-Products: Casings Processing, Hides/Skins, Tallow and Rendering Technologies

Advanced Genetics

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Recombinant DNA Technology, PCR, DNA Sequencing, Cloning and Transgenic Animals

Breeding Management

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Farm-Level Breeding Records, Pedigree Maintenance and Selection Methodologies

Minerals, Vitamins and Feed Additives

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Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamins: Chemistry, Bioavailability and Requirements Feed Additives, Prebiotics, Probiotics, Enzymes and UMMB Formulations

Poultry Nutrition

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Mineral and Vitamin Nutrition: Calcium, Phosphorus, Trace Minerals and Deficiencies Energy and Protein Nutrition: Metabolizable Energy, Essential Amino Acids and Feeding Standards

Avian Physiology

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Avian Respiratory System, Pneumatic Bones and Air Sac Anatomy

Feeding Management

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Practical Ruminant Feeding: Dry Matter Intake, Thumb Rules and FCM Calculations

Overview of Breeding

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Domestication, Evolution and Indian Breeds of Livestock and Poultry (AnGR) Heterosis, Combining Ability, Diallel Crosses and Reciprocal Recurrent Selection

PFA and FSSAI Standards of Different Dairy Products

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Fluid Milk Standards, Pasteurization Kinetics, Phosphatase Test and Homogenization Processed Egg Products: Liquid Eggs, Egg Powder, Whipping Aids and Designer Eggs Fat-Rich, Concentrated and Dried Dairy Products: Cream, Butter, Ice Cream and Milk Powders Clean-in-Place (CIP) Systems, Detergents, Sanitizers and Dairy Plant Hygiene Indigenous Dairy Products: Khoa, Chhana, Paneer, Ghee and Fermented Milks Egg Science and Technology: Structure, Quality Grading, Preservation and Thermal Coagulation

Rumen Eco-system and Functions

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Rumen Microbiology: Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungi and Archaeal Methanogens

Genetic Properties of Population

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Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, Gene Frequencies and Forces Altering Gene Frequency Metric Traits, Population Mean, Breeding Values and Average Effect of Gene Substitution Components of Phenotypic Variance and Resemblance Between Relatives

Poultry Products Technology

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Egg Preservation, Storage, Spoilage Microbiology and Pasteurization

Reproduction Management

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Artificial Insemination Practice, Pregnancy Diagnosis, Infertility and Calving Management

Wool, Mohair and Fur

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Wool Processing: Scouring, Carbonization, Carding, Combing (Tops/Noils) and Finishing Wool Biology, Fiber Histology, Keratin Chemistry, Crimps and Quality Attributes Wool Harvesting, Shearing Systems, Skirting, Sorting and Grading

Packaging

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Food Packaging Materials: Plastics, Laminates, Retort Pouches, Cans and Glass Containers Food Preservatives, Bacteriocins (Nisin), Antimicrobial Packaging and Shelf-Life Extension Advanced Packaging Technologies: MAP, CAP, Vacuum Packaging and Intelligent/Smart Packaging

Poultry Management

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Grower, Pullet and Layer Management: Space, Lighting Regimes and Debeaking

Shelter Management

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Housing Systems: Loose Housing, Stanchion Barns, Space Requirements and BIS Norms

Forage Conservation and Evaluation

2 Topics
Silage Making Technology: Microbiology, Fermentation Phases and Quality Standards Hay Making, Artificial Dehydration and Forage Preservation Principles

Health Management

1 Topic
Preventive Herd Health: Vaccination, Deworming Schedules and Common Livestock Diseases

Quality Control

5 Topics
Meat Texture, Tenderness, Conditioning, Ageing and Electrical Stimulation Meat Quality Aberrations: PSE, DFD, Cold Shortening and Thaw Rigor Food Safety Standards: HACCP, ISO 22000, FSSAI, BIS and Codex Alimentarius Meat Color Chemistry: Myoglobin Forms and Cured Pigments Microbiological Quality Control, Spoilage Organisms and Meat-Borne Pathogens

Marketing

2 Topics
Livestock Products Marketing, Supply Chains, Cold Chain Logistics and APEDA Export Norms National Marketing Agencies: AGMARK Laboratories, NDDB, NECC and Pricing Mechanisms

Production and Management of Cattle and Buffalo

1 Topic
Dairy Cattle and Buffalo Breeds: Distribution, Phenotypic Standards and Adaptation

Production and Management of Other Animals

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Camel, Yak and Pack Animal Management: Draft Norms, Churpi and Arid Adaptation Commercial Poultry Management: Broiler, Layer Housing, Lighting and Nutrition Norms

Laboratory Animal Breeding

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Biology, Reproductive Parameters and Management of Common Laboratory Animals
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