Livestock Products Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Indigenous Equine Breeds of India:
• Bhimthadi (Deccani horse): A hardy, indigenous light cavalry horse breed developed in the Bhima river basin (Pune, Ahmednagar, and Solapur districts) of Maharashtra.
• Renowned historically for its stamina, agility, and load-bearing endurance, Bhimthadi horses served prominently in the Maratha cavalry under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
• nalysis:
• (Maharashtra): Correct state of origin.
• Options 1, 2, 3: Other equine breeds include Marwari and Kathiawari (Rajasthan and Gujarat), and Spiti/Zanskari (Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh).

Correct option: (4) Maharashtra

• Genetic Basis of Heterosis (Hybrid Vigor):
• According to Falconer & Mackay's quantitative genetics framework:
• When two inbred parental lines differing in gene frequencies ($p_1$ and $p_2$, where $y = p_1 - p_2$) are crossed:
• The amount of heterosis observed in the $F_1$ generation (the deviation of $F_1$ from the mid-parent value) summed across all loci is:

where:

• $d$ = dominance deviation at the locus
• $y = p_1 - p_2$ = difference in allele frequency between the two parental populations
• Heterosis strictly depends on the presence of dominance ($d$) and genetic divergence ($y^2$) between parental lines.
• nalysis:
• (dy^2): Correct formula ($dy^2$, OCR recorded as dy).

Correct option: (2) dy