Livestock Products Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Sequential Line Operations in Cattle / Buffalo Slaughter:

• Sticking / Bleeding: Severing jugular veins and carotid arteries following stunning to ensure thorough exsanguination.
• Dehiding / Flaying: Careful flaying and mechanical removal of the hide.
• Head Removal: Decapitation at the atlanto-occipital joint for post-mortem tongue and lymph node inspection.
• Evisceration: Removal of thoracic (pluck) and abdominal viscera under strict sanitary control.
  • Correct Chronological Order: (A) $\to$ (C) $\to$ (B) $\to$ (D).

• Assertion (A) is True: In modern abattoirs, alkaline chlorinated foam cleaners combine foaming surfactants with available chlorine, acting simultaneously as a heavy detergent to strip fats/proteins and as a primary surface disinfectant, eliminating the need for a separate subsequent disinfectant application.
• Reason (R) is False: In chlorinated alkaline foam cleaners, the working pH is alkaline ($pH \gt 10$) to prevent rapid hypochlorite breakdown and maintain foam stability. At lower acidic pH ($pH \lt 7.5$), chlorine exists as undissociated hypochlorous acid ($HOCl$), which is the vastly stronger and more lethal biocidal form (not the "weaker" form).
• Conclusion: (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Correct option: (3) (A) is true but (R) is false.

• Abattoir Construction and Sanitation Standards:
• Illumination at Inspection Stations: Adequate lighting is critical; standard meat inspection guidelines mandate an intensity of at least $540\text{ lux}$ at all post-mortem inspection points ($220\text{ lux}$ in general work areas). (True)
• Floor Slope in Wet Dressing Areas: Floors must be non-slip, impervious, and sloped uniformly towards drains at a minimum gradient of $1:50$ ($2\%$ slope) to prevent water stagnation. (True)
• Under Dressing Rails: High volumes of blood and wash water accumulate beneath overhead dressing rails, requiring a steeper drainage pitch of at least $1:25$ ($4\%$ slope). (True)
• Light Measurement Height (B): Inspection illumination is measured at the working carcase level ($1.5\text{ m}$ from floor), not $0.9\text{ m}$.
• Conclusion: Statements (A), (C), and (D) are correct.

Correct option: (3) (A),(C) and (D) only.

• Assertion (A) is True: Pre-slaughter handling and stress directly determine the extent of post-mortem glycogen depletion, governing the rate of pH decline and the time required for rigor mortis completion.
• Reason (R) is False: Stress and exhaustion cause rapid pre-mortem depletion of ATP and creatine phosphate. Because ATP is required to break actin-myosin crossbridges, depletion of ATP accelerates (hastens) the onset of rigor mortis, rather than delaying it.
• Conclusion: (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Correct option: (3) (A) is true but (R) is false.

• Chalef $\to$ (III) Kosher Method: The razor-sharp, perfectly smooth, nick-free straight knife used by the certified Jewish slaughterer (Shochet) during Shechita ritual slaughter.
• Zahiba (Dhabihah) $\to$ (I) Halal Method: The prescribed Islamic ritual slaughter method entailing a swift, deep transverse incision across the throat to sever trachea, esophagus, and jugulars while pronouncing the Tasmiya.
• Puntilla $\to$ (IV) Neck Stab Method: A short dagger/knife plunged into the atlanto-occipital space to sever the spinal medulla (used traditionally in Spain and South America).
• Baliss $\to$ (II) Jhatka Method: The single, instantaneous stroke decapitation method practiced traditionally by Sikhs and Hindus.

Correct option: (3) (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)