101
The different biotic agents responsible for grain spoilage are
(A) . Moisture
(B) . Rat
(C) . Fungi
(D) . Insects
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
EXPLANATION
Grain Storage Structures & Preservation
- Biotic Agents of Grain Spoilage in Storage:
- Biotic Agents (Living Organisms):
- Rats (Rodents): Cause direct grain consumption, spillage, and contamination through excreta and pathogens.
- Fungi (Molds): Produce mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins), kernel discoloration, and heating (Aspergillus, Penicillium).
- Insects: Primary and secondary storage beetles/weevils that bore into kernels and destroy endosperm.
- Abiotic Agents: Moisture, temperature, and atmospheric oxygen are non-living abiotic physical environmental factors.
- Conclusion: (B), (C) and (D) only (Option 4).
Correct option: (4) (B), (C) and (D) only.
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