Q.2
Which of the following is responsible for eliminating toxic oxygen by-products from cells?
EXPLANATION
Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry
- Peroxisomes: Specialized microbodies containing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase that detoxify hazardous reactive oxygen species (ROS), including breaking down toxic hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) into water and oxygen. (Correct answer)
- Mitochondria: The powerhouses of eukaryotic cells primarily responsible for cellular respiration, the Krebs cycle, and ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation.
- Golgi complex: Organelles functioning in post-translational modification, sorting, packaging, and secretory targeting of proteins and lipids synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Chloroplasts: Double-membrane semi-autonomous plastids in photosynthetic plant cells responsible for light capture, photolysis of water, and carbon fixation (Calvin cycle).
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