Q.35
The time required to complete hydrolysis of urea when applied in normal soil and alkline soils, respectively is
- Urea Hydrolysis Mechanism: Applied urea [$\text{CO(NH}_2)_2$] undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis by the soil enzyme urease to form ammonium carbamate, which rapidly breaks down into ammonium ions ($\text{NH}_4^+$), bicarbonate, and hydroxyl ions ($\text{OH}^-$).
- Normal Neutral Soils: Under favorable moisture and microbial urease activity in neutral soils ($pH\ 6.5–7.5$), urea hydrolysis proceeds rapidly and completes within 2 to 3 days.
- Alkaline / Calcareous Soils: In high pH calcareous/alkaline soils ($pH \gt 8.0$), high initial hydroxyl concentration and osmotic shifts retard optimal urease kinetics and promote intermediate carbonate precipitation, extending complete hydrolysis to about 7 days. (Correct answer: Option 4)
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